Willamette Valley Hazelnut Pest Management Guide, 2009

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Extension Service

Hazelnut

2009 Pest Management Guide for the Willamette Valley
EM 8328-E
Revised January 2009

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The chemicals, formulations, and rates listed for insect, mite, and disease control are among the best recommendations based on label directions, research, and orchard use experience. Only a thorough knowledge of the orchard, its variety, tree size and density, canopy characteristics, pest complex, and past pest problems will enable you to correctly select chemicals, rates, amount of water used per acre, and method of application for optimum pest control. Occasionally, different formulations of a product or like formulations containing a different amount of active ingredient also are registered and effective for use on the pests listed. These products also may be used; we do not intend to discriminate against them. You may wish to consult their labels and determine whether their use confers advantages over the products listed in this guide.

Always refer to the pesticide label for use instructions. It is the legal document regarding use patterns. Two questions frequently are asked about the chemical control of insects and diseases: “How much chemical do I use per acre?” and “What is the least amount of water I need per acre to apply in my concentrate sprayer?” Notice that the schedule below suggests an amount of formulated product (not active ingredient) to use per acre. This amount is based on a “typical” middle age and density orchard with moderate pest pressure. Common sense indicates that less material may be needed (than that given) for 1- to 4-year-old orchards. Conversely, more chemical (within label limits) may be required for large, mature trees experiencing heavy pest pressure from multiple pests.

Many insecticide labels today indicate the minimum amount of water needed per acre to apply concentrate sprays of insecticides, as well as how to calculate the amount of chemical needed per acre in a concentrate sprayer. CHECK LABEL BEFORE SPRAYING!! Some label directions indicate dilute applications only.

Also:

Make sure any tank-mixes of pesticides are compatible. For example, the elevated pH of some boron spray solutions weakens many insecticides.
Use adjuvants and spreader stickers with caution.
See new table on fungicide effectiveness for Eastern filbert blight.

Seasons

Dormant season (stages 1-2)
   Stage 1a—Flowering. Female stigmas outside buds.
   Stage 1b—Flowering. Male catkins just before elongation and pollen shed
   Stage 2—Dormant buds.
Mid-March (budbreak) (stages 3-5)
   Stage 3—Bud swelling.
   Stage 4—Budbreak. Green leaf tips showing.
   Stage 5—Advanced budbreak. Highly susceptible to Eastern filbert blight.
March-April
Stage 6—Early shoot elongation. First leaves fully open.

Not shown
April-May
May-June
July-August
late August-September

View enlarged image.

Hazelnut Pest Control Recommendations

Use only one material except where a combination is indicated. Follow label precautions when tank-mixing oils, fungicides, and insecticides. Materials are not listed in order of preference.

Dormant Season—Stages 1-2

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Eastern filbert blight

   none — Scout orchards and remove and destroy all cankered wood prior to budbreak.

Mid-March (budbreak)—Stages 3-5 (See footnote 5 for nonbearing trees.)

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Eastern filbert blight (See footnote 6 and Table 3.)

   Abound 12 fl oz Group 11 fungicide. Use on a 10-day schedule. 4-hour reentry. 45-day PHI.

   bordeaux 6-6-100 — Group M1 fungicide. See footnote 2. 24-hour reentry.

   Bravo Weather Stik 4 pt Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.

   Bumper 41.8EC 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.

   Cabrio EG 9.5 oz Group 11 fungicide. Use with a spreader sticker. Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications. 12-hour reentry.

   Champion WP 16-24 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.

   Copper-Count-N 10-12 qt Group M1 fungicide. 12-hour reentry.

   Echo 720 4 pt Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.

   Gem 4-8 oz Group 11 fungicide. 60-day PHI. Do not use more than 16 oz/acre/season. 12-hour reentry.

   Kocide 3000 7-10.5 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.

   NuCop 50DF 16-24 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.

   Orbit 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.

   Procure 480SC 4-6 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. 12-hour reentry. 18-day PHI.

   Propi-Max EC 4-9 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.

   Quash 4 oz Group 3 fungicide. Use with a surfactant. 12-hour reentry.

   Tilt 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.

March-April

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Big bud mite

   endosulfan 50WP 3 lb Apply when mites begin to migrate from infested buds. See footnote 3. Extremely toxic to earthworms. 40- to 72-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.

   Envidor 2SC 16-18 oz Only 1 application per season. 7-day PHI.

   lime sulfur (BSP) 12 gal 48-hour reentry.

   Nexter 10.62 oz Apply when mites begin to migrate from infested buds. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.

   Sulforix (BSP) 3 gal Apply in a dilute spray mid- to late April for most varieties and locations. 48-hour reentry.

Winter moth, omnivorous leaftier
Note: Both may damage young trees by feeding on developing buds. Because of the early timing for this spray, application of these chemicals now may not adequately control filbert and obliquebanded leafrollers, which become active slightly later.

   Lorsban 50WP or
   Lorsban 4E 3-4 lb
3-4 pt No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

Stage 6—Early shoot elongation

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Eastern filbert blight (See footnote 6 and Table 3.)

   Abound 12 fl oz Group 11 fungicide. Use on a 10-day schedule. 4-hour reentry. 45-day PHI.

   bordeaux 6-6-100 — Group M1 fungicide. This rate of bordeaux is high and may cause leaves to burn, especially if mixed improperly. See footnote 2. 24-hour reentry.

   Bravo Weather Stik 4 pt Group M5 fungicide. Spray at 2-week intervals after budbreak. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.

   Bumper 41.8EC 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.

   Cabrio EG 9.5 oz Group 11 fungicide. Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications. 12-hour reentry.

   Champion WP 16-24 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

   Copper-Count-N 10-12 qt Group M1 fungicide. 12-hour reentry.

   Echo 720 4 pt Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.

   Gem 4-8 oz Group 11 fungicide. 60-day PHI. Do not use more than 16 oz/acre/season. 12-hour reentry.

   Kocide 3000 7-10.5 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

   NuCop 50DF 16-24 lb Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

   Orbit 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.

   Procure 480SC 4-6 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. 12-hour reentry. 18-day PHI.

   Propi-Max EC 4-9 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.

   Quash 4 oz Group 3 fungicide. Use with a surfactant. 12-hour reentry.

   Tilt 5-8 fl oz Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.

April-May

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Filbert leafroller
Note: Filbert leafroller eggs hatch in late March and early April during warm weather.

   Ambush 2E 13-25 oz Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Asana XL 10-16 oz Do not apply a second spray within 3 weeks of the first. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/A per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 21-day PHI.

   azadirachtin
   (Azatin XL Plus) 11-21 oz Botanical extract of the neem tree. 4-hr reentry. 0-day PHI.

   Bacillus
   thuringiensis (Bt) 1 lb Spray when larvae first detected. Apply with a sticker.

   Brigade WSB 0.05-0.2 lb ai/A (3.2-12.8 fl oz) 7-day PHI.

   Cobalt 26-57 oz 14-day PHI.

   Delegate WG 3-7 oz 7-day PHI.

   Diazinon 500AG 1-2 qt Apply in dilute spray. No more than 1 application per season. 21-day PHI.

   Dimilin 2L 8-16 oz Use a minimum of 50 gal water/A. Can use up to 4 applications per season (64 fl oz maximum per season). 12-hour reentry. 28-day PHI.

   Intrepid 8-16 oz Apply at or just prior to egg hatch. 14-day PHI.

   Lorsban 50W or
   Lorsban 4E 3-4 lb
3-4 pt No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Pounce 3.2E 8-16 oz Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Sevin XLR Plus 2-5 qt Sevin may cause rapid increase of aphid populations 3-4 weeks after application. 4F and 80S formulations also available. 12-hr reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Success 2L 4-10 oz Entrust is the organic formulation. 14-day PHI.

   Warrior II 0.02-0.04 lb ai/A (1.28-2.56 fl oz) 14-day PHI.

Filbert aphid, hazelnut aphid

   Assail 70WP 2.3-4.1 oz 14-day PHI.

   Assail 30SG 5.3-9.6 oz 14-day PHI.

   Diazinon 500AG 1-2 qt Apply in dilute spray. No more than 1 application per season. 21-day PHI.

   Leverage 2.7 3.8-5.1 oz Baythroid and Provado combination. 14-day PHI.

   Lorsban 50W or
   Lorsban 4E 3-4 lb
3-4 pt No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. Determine whether aphid parasite is present in your orchard. An aphid spray might not be necessary. 14-day PHI.

   Movento 6-9 oz 7-day PHI.

   Provado 1.6 3.5-7.0 oz 7-day PHI.

Omnivorous leaftier, winter moth (if present)
Note: Primarily pests during orchard establishment.

   Lorsban 50W 3-4 lb Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Sevin XLR Plus
   (carbaryl) 2-5 qt 4F, 50W, and 80S formulations also available. 12-hr reentry. 14-day PHI.

May-June

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

To increase nut set
Note: These are rates for foliar-applied sprays. Consult labels for soil-applied rates. For maximum effect, apply boron from mid- to late May. Do not tank-mix with insecticides.

   Borosol 10 1-3 pt —

   Solubor 5 lb —

Obliquebanded leafroller
Note: Larvae cause damage by feeding between husk and nut. Inspect under husks for larvae between mid-June and late July. Leafrolling minimal to nonexistent at this time.
Brigade, Bt, Sevin, Asana, Ambush, and Pounce are also labeled for leafroller and filbertworm control. Lorsban has given best control of larvae feeding between husk and nut.

   Cobalt 26-57 oz 14-day PHI.

   Delegate WG 3-7 oz 7-day PHI.

   Diazinon 500AG 1-2 qt Apply in dilute spray. 21-day PHI.

   Dimilin 2L 8-16 oz Use a minimum of 50 gal water/A. Can use up to 4 applications per season (64 fl oz maximum per season). 12-hour reentry. 28-day PHI.

   Lorsban 50W or
   Lorsban 4E 3-4 lb
3-4 pt No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Success 2L 4-10 oz 14-day PHI.

Spider mites, rust mites
Note: Look for webbing and brown discoloration on the underside of leaves during the summer.

   Acramite 50WS 0.75-1.0 lb Use only once per season. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Envidor 2 SC 16-18 oz 7-day PHI.

   Nexter 10.67 oz Do not exceed 2 applications per season. 7-day PHI.

   Savey 50DF 3-6 oz Does not control adult rust mites. 28-day PHI.

   Zeal 2-3 oz One application per season. 28-day PHI.

July-August

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Filbertworm
Note: Lorsban and Sevin also are registered for filbertworm. See footnote 4 on use of pheromone traps.

   Ambush 2E 13-25 oz Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Asana XL 10-18 oz Do not apply a second spray within 3 weeks of the first. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/A per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 21-day PHI.

   Assail 70WP 2.3-4.1 oz 14-day PHI.

   Assail 30SG 5.3-9.6 oz 14-day PHI.

   Baythroid 2 2.0-2.4 oz 14-day PHI.

   Brigade WSP 0.05-0.2 ai/A (3.2-12.8 fl oz) 7-day PHI.

   Confirm 2F up to 30 oz Apply at or just prior to initiation of egg hatch. 14-day PHI.

   Delegate WG 3-7 oz 7-day PHI.

   Dimilin 2L 12-16 oz Apply at or just prior to egg hatch.

   Esteem 13-16 oz Do not use more than twice per season. 21-day PHI.

   Intrepid 2F 8-16 oz Apply at or just prior to egg hatch. 14-day PHI.

   Leverage 2.7 3.8-5.1 oz Baythroid and Provado combination. 14-day PHI.

   Pounce 3.2E 8-16 oz Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.

   Proaxis 2.56-5.12 oz 14-day PHI.

   Success 2L 4-10 oz Entrust is the organic formulation. 14-day PHI.

   Warrior II 0.02-0.04 lb ai/A (1.28-2.56 fl oz) 14-day PHI.

Eastern filbert blight

   none — Scout orchards and remove and destroy all infected wood prior to budbreak.

Late August-September

Pest or disease/
Material

Amount of
product per acre

Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)

Bacterial blight
Note: An important spray for young filberts (less than 10 years old). Apply coppers after harvest and before fall rains. If heavy rains occur, repeat application when three-fourths of the leaves have dropped. See footnote 2.

   bordeaux 6-3-100 — 24-hour reentry.

   Champion WP 16-24 lb Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

   C-O-C-S WDG 12-16 lb Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water.

   Copper-Count-N 10-12 qt 12-hour reentry.

   Cuprofix Ultra 40
   Disperss 10-15 lb 12-hour reentry.

   Kocide 3000 7-10.5 lb Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

   Nordox 75 8-13 lb 12-hour reentry.

   NuCop 50DF 16-24 lb Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

Footnotes

More than one type of formulation is available for most insecticides. For instance, Lorsban is marketed as a 50% wettable powder (Lorsban 50WP) as well as an emulsifiable concentrate (Lorsban 4E). Lower rates can be used on smaller trees.

Thoroughly spray the trunks and lower scaffolds as well as upper branches. Bordeaux 6-6-100 means 6 pounds of copper sulfate plus 6 pounds of hydrated lime in 100 gallons of water. In any bordeaux formula, the ingredients always are listed in the same order—copper sulfate, hydrated lime, then gallons of water.

The time to apply insecticide for big bud mite is from early to mid-April depending on the year, orchard location, and weather. Use a 20x hand lens or microscope to determine whether mites are migrating from blasted buds to new buds. Tanglefoot, Stickem Special, vaseline, or duct tape applied in bands above and below buds infested with big bud mite will trap and hold mites migrating to new buds. Beginning in late March, inspect weekly for migrating mites. Complete spray coverage is necessary to control this mite. Use no less than 25 gal water per acre (100 gal is a better rate). Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. Thiodan will suppress light populations of winter moth at this time. Note: Thiodan drift to the orchard floor kills earthworms. Sulforix has a neglible impact.

Pheromone traps are available to detect and monitor flight activity of filbertworm moths. They have been successfully used to time cover sprays. Apply insecticides 8-12 days after filbertworm moths emerge in your area. A second application usually is necessary in 2-3 weeks. A repeat spray may be necessary if heavy rainfall occurs a day or two after application and the label allows it. Second and third sprays may be necessary and should be made if pheromone traps continue to catch moths 2-3 weeks after a spray. If pheromone traps are being used in an orchard block to time filbertworm sprays, place traps in the upper third of the tree canopy in early June. Spray when two or three moths are collected per trap or if any one trap has caught five moths. See also Table 2.

For nonbearing trees only. Nonbearing is defined as trees that will not produce a harvestable crop within 12 months after the last application.

Rubigan EC at 4-8 fl oz/A. Not to be used on nonbearing trees interplanted in bearing orchards. Oregon only. SLN OR-030037. 12-hour reentry

All fungicides should be applied beginning or just before budbreak. Continue applications at 2-week intervals to cover an 8-week susceptibility period (4 applications total).

Bumper, Orbit, Propi-Max, or Tilt applications may result in smaller, thicker, greener leaves and shortened internodes, but trees will grow out of this condition within 2 weeks of the last application. Has eradicant activity if applied at higher rates within 72 hours of infection.

Table 1. Registered herbicides for orchard crops in Oregon

This abbreviated table was prepared by Jeff Olsen, OSU Extension horticulturist, and Ed Peachey, OSU horticultural crop weed scientist. For a more complete guide to orchard crop weed management, please refer to the PNW Weed Management Handbook, available in hard copy or online. For access to herbicide labels, visit the CDMS Agro-chemical database or Greenbook.

Site preparation

Material Uses Rate

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.

New plantings (newly planted trees less than 1 year old), nonbearing

Material Uses Rate

napropamide (Devrinol) All except chestnuts 5 lb ai/A (50 lb/A Devrinol 10-G)

oryzalin (Surflan) — 2-6 lb ai/A (2-6 qt/A Surflan AS)

trifluralin (Treflan 4EC) Newly established, nonbearing and bearing, except pears, apples, cherries, and hazelnuts 0.5-1 lb ai/A (1-2 pt/A Treflan 4EC)

isoxaben (Gallery or Gallery T & V) Nonbearing crop only, except chestnuts 0.495-0.998 lb ai/A (0.66-1.33 lb/A product)

isoxaben + trifluralin (Snapshot 2.5TG) Nonbearing crop only, except chestnuts 5 lb ai/A (200 lb/A Snapshot 2.5TG)

trifluralin + isoxaben + oxyfluorfen (Showcase) Nonbearing crops only, including apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, plums, and prunes; excluding apples, pears, hazelnuts, walnuts, and chestnuts 2.5-5 lb ai/A (100-200 lb/A Showcase)

pronamide (Kerb) Nonbearing fruit trees 1-4 lb ai/A (2-8 lb/A). Rate depends on species present and soil texture.

fluazifop (Fusilade DX) — 0.25-0.375 lb ai/A (16-24 oz/A Fusilade DZ). Refer to specific grassy weeds on label.

sethoxydim (Poast) — 0.28-0.47 lb ai/A (1.5-2.5 pt/A product)

clethodim (Envoy, Prism, Select) Nonbearing trees only 0.06-0.125 lb ai/A (6-8 oz/A Select)

paraquat (Gramozone, Inteon, Firestorm) — 0.625-1 lb cation/A (2.5-4 pt/A Gramoxone; 1.7-2.7 pt/A Firestorm)

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Wiper: 33% solution

glufosinate ammonium (Rely) Apples, hazelnuts, and walnuts 0.75-1.5 lb ai/A (3-6 qt/A Rely)

oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL) — 1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)

Established plantings/Applications that persist in the soil

Material Uses Rate

pendimethalin (Prowl H20) Bearing fruits and nuts (H2O formulation); 3.3EC formulation for nonbearing only Prowl H2O: 1.9-3.8 lb ai/A (2-4 qt/A), depending on desired length of weed control. Prowl 3.3EC: 1.98-3.96 lb ai/A (2.4-4.8 qt/A)

flumioxazin (Chateau WDG) Nut trees only 0.188-0.38 lb ai/A Chateau WDG. Refer to label for organic matter, soil types, and rates for various broadleaf weeds.

flumioxazin (Chateau SW) Pome and stone fruit trees Preemergence: 0.38 lb ai/A (12 oz/A Chateau SW) Postemergence: 0.188-0.38 lb ai/A (6-12 oz/A Chateau SW). See label for organic matter, soil types, and rates for various broadleaf weeds.

dichlobenil (Casoron CS) Apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts only, bearing and nonbearing 1.96-3.92 lb ai/A (1.4-2.8 gal/A Casoron CS)

dichlobenil (Casoron) Apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts 4-6 lb ai/A (100-150 lb/A Casoron)

diuron (Karmex DF and others) Apples, pears, peaches, hazelnuts, and walnuts only See label for crop-specific application rates.

simazine (Princep Caliber 90 is a Special Local Needs label for sweet cherries only). Tart cherries have a federal label for Princep 4L, Caliber 90, and other simazine herbicides in Oregon. Except chestnuts, apricots, prunes, and nectarines See product labels for rates.

terbacil (Sinbar 80) Bearing apples and peaches only; labeled for nonbearing apricot, pear, apple, cherry, peach, and plum 0.4-0.8 lb ai/A (0.5-1 lb/A), newly established; 2-4 lb/A Sinbar, bearing, depending on soil type

norflurazon (Solicam) Except chestnuts 1.97-7.8 lb ai/A (2.5-10 lb/A Solicam)

napropamide (Devrinol) Except chestnuts 5 lb ai/A (50 lb/A Devrinol 10G)

oryzalin (Surflan AS) Except apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, prunes, and walnuts 2-6 lb ai/A (2-6 qt/A Surflan)

pronamide (Kerb) Except apricots, hazelnuts, and walnuts 1-4 lb ai/A (2-8 lb/A Kerb 50W)

trifluralin (Terflan 4EC) Except apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts 0.5-1 lb ai/A (1-2 pt/A Treflan 4EC)

oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL) — 1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)

pendimethalin Supplemental labels for Prowl H2O on bearing stone and pome fruits and nuts 1.9-3.8 ai/A (2-4 qt/A Prowl H2O), depending on desired length of control

Established plantings/Postemergence contact and translocated herbicides

Material Uses Rate

paraquat (Gramoxone Max, Firestorm) — 0.625-1 lb cation/A (2.5-4 pt/A Gramoxone; 1.7-2.7 pt/A Firestorm)

oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL) — 1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Spray: read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Wiper: 33% solution

glufosinate ammonium (Rely) Apples, hazelnuts, and walnuts 0.75-1.5 lb ai/A (3-6 qt/A Rely)

2,4-D amine (Saber, Weed- Rhap A4D, Dri-Clean Herbicide) — 0.95-1.4 lb ae/A (2-3 pt/A Saber)

clopyralid (Stinger) Stone fruits only 0.12-0.25 lb ae/A (0.33-0.66 pt/A Stinger)

rimsulfuron (Matrix FNV) All fruit and nut crops 0.063 lb ai/A (4 oz/A Matrix FNV per year)

halosulfuron (Sandea) Nut crops only 0.032-0.062 lb ai/A (0.66-1.33 oz/A)

fluazifop (Fusilade DX) Except bearing apples, pears, chestnuts, and walnuts; labeled for nonbearing pears 0.25-0.375 lb ai/A (16-24 oz/A Fusilade DX). Refer to specific grassy weeds listed on label.

sethoxydim (Poast) Except prunes and plums 0.28-0.47 lb ai/A (1.5-2.5 pt/A Poast)

Grass suppression in row middles (chemical mowing)

Material Uses Rate

glyphosate (numerous product names) — Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.

sethoxydim (Poast) — 0.09 lb ai/A (0.5 pt/A Poast)

Table 2. Hazelnut IPM Sampling Methods
and Action Thresholds

Insect

Sampling period

Sampling method

Action threshold

European winter moth Larvae: March 15-May 31 3 terminals/tree and 3 leaf clusters/terminal. Each terminal is a sampling unit. 20% infestation

Big bud mite April In mid-April, place Tanglefoot on twigs surrounding blasted buds. Check for extremely small, white, cigar-shaped mites with a 20x hand lens. When consistent mite movement is observed, which usually occurs with budbreak.

Omnivorous leaftier April 15-June 3 bud clusters per tree 5% infestation

Filbert aphid April 1-Sept. 30 3 terminals per tree—newest fully expanded leaf on each terminal April—20/leaf
May—30/leaf
June—40/leaf
July—40/leaf
with an increasing population.

OBLR and filbert leafroller Larvae: April-August
Adult: Mid-May to Sept. Larvae: 3 terminals per tree and 3 leaf clusters per terminal. Each terminal is a sampling unit.
Adult: pheromone trap for each 5 acres. 6' height. Larvae: 20-25% infestation.
Adult: 40 moths per week and find second-generation OBLR larvae feeding on nuts.

Filbertworm June-Sept. Adult: pheromone traps—4 for first 10 acres and one for each additional 4 acres. Place traps in the upper third of the canopy by mid-June. 2-3 moths per trap or 5 moths in any one trap

Table 3. Effectiveness of Fungicides for Eastern Filbert Blight Management*

Fungicide trade name

Common name

Group #

EFB control

Abound azoxystrobin 11 Fair to good

Bravo chlorothalonil M5 Excellent

Bumper propiconazole 3 Good to excellent

Cabrio pyraclostrobin 11 Excellent

Champion copper hydroxide M1 Good

Copper-Count-N copper ammonium carbonate M1 Good

Echo chlorothalonil M5 Excellent

Gem trifloxystrobin 11 Good to excellent

Kocide copper hydroxide M1 Good

Nu-Cop copper hydroxide M1 Good

Orbit propiconazole 3 Good to excellent

Procure triflumizole 3 Fair to good

Propi-Max propiconazole 3 Good to excellent

Quash metconazole 3 Good

Tilt propiconazole 3 Good to excellent

*These ratings are relative rankings based on full application rates, good spray coverage and proper spray timing. Actual levels of disease control will be influenced by these factors in addition to cultivar susceptibility, disease pressure, and weather conditions. Possible ratings for disease control include none, slight, fair, good, or excellent.

OSU Internet resources for plant protection

Information regarding plant protection is available from several sources at OSU. The following listings are excellent examples:

OSU Integrated Plant Protection Center. Online weather data and degree day information for insect pests and diseases

Eastern filbert blight help page—all the information you need for this disease.

Codling moth development information

Apple scab infection season information

Pear scab infection season information

Pear scab infection period information for the Hood River Valley

Fire blight risk information
Directions for the use of each model are available at each site.

OSU Botany and Plant Pathology Department. Site of "Online Guide to Plant Disease Control." Disease symptom descriptions, pictures of disease symptoms, and other information helpful in plant protection

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook

Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook

Basic Elements of Safe Pesticide Use

Always read the label with care. This is the first step in selecting the right material for the job. Never rely on your memory. Before opening the container, pay strict attention to warnings and cautions printed on the label.
Keep all pesticide and spray materials out of the reach of children, pets, and irresponsible persons. Storage outside of the home, away from food and feed, and under lock and key is the safest method.
Store only in the original container and keep tightly closed.
NEVER smoke, eat, or drink while applying pesticides.
Avoid inhalation or direct contact. Always wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label.
Avoid spills. If spills occur, take immediate action to remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly.
After each application, bathe and change to clean clothing. Wash clothing after each use. Always use fresh clothing when starting new application.
Avoid contamination of fish ponds and water supplies. Cover feed and water containers when treating around livestock or pet areas.
Keep separate equipment for use with hormone-type herbicides to avoid accidental injury to susceptible plants. Also avoid applications under wind conditions that could create drift to nontarget areas.
Rinse empty containers three times before disposing of them. Add the rinse to the spray tank and dispose of containers according to local regulations to avoid hazard to humans, animals, and the environment.
Follow label directions for mixing and application to keep residues within the limits prescribed by law.
Plan ahead. Discuss with your physician the materials you will be using during the season so that he or she can be prepared to provide the appropriate treatment in case of accidental exposure. If symptoms of illness occur, call the physician or get the patient to a hospital immediately. Always provide the medical personnel with as much information as possible.
Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use.

Oregon Poison Center
The Oregon Health Sciences University
3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Room CB 550
Portland, OR 97201
Phone: 503-494-8968; Oregon Toll Free: 1-800-452-7165; Nationwide: 1-800-222-1222
If a person has collapsed or is not breathing, dial 911.

Revised January 2008; revised January 2009

Prepared by Jeff Olsen, Extension horticulturist, Yamhill County, and Jay W. Pscheidt, Extension plant pathologist, Oregon State University.

The information in this pest management guide is valid for 2009. The mention of commercial products in this publication does not constitute endorsement by the Oregon State University Extension Service, nor should exclusion be interpreted as criticism of any item, form, or service. Due to constantly changing laws and regulations, the Oregon State University Extension Service can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained in this guide. Pesticides should be applied according to the label directions on the pesticide container.

Produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials without discrimination based on age, color, disability, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran's status. Oregon State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

Copyright © 1995- Oregon State University. Disclaimer.

Dormant Season—Stages 1-2
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Eastern filbert blight
none	—	Scout orchards and remove and destroy all cankered wood prior to budbreak.
Mid-March (budbreak)—Stages 3-5 (See footnote 5 for nonbearing trees.)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Eastern filbert blight (See footnote 6 and Table 3.)
Abound	12 fl oz	Group 11 fungicide. Use on a 10-day schedule. 4-hour reentry. 45-day PHI.
bordeaux 6-6-100	—	Group M1 fungicide. See footnote 2. 24-hour reentry.
Bravo Weather Stik	4 pt	Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.
Bumper 41.8EC	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.
Cabrio EG	9.5 oz	Group 11 fungicide. Use with a spreader sticker. Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications. 12-hour reentry.
Champion WP	16-24 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.
Copper-Count-N	10-12 qt	Group M1 fungicide. 12-hour reentry.
Echo 720	4 pt	Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.
Gem	4-8 oz	Group 11 fungicide. 60-day PHI. Do not use more than 16 oz/acre/season. 12-hour reentry.
Kocide 3000	7-10.5 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.
NuCop 50DF	16-24 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal of water. 24-hour reentry.
Orbit	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.
Procure 480SC	4-6 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. 12-hour reentry. 18-day PHI.
Propi-Max EC	4-9 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.
Quash	4 oz	Group 3 fungicide. Use with a surfactant. 12-hour reentry.
Tilt	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.
March-April
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Big bud mite
endosulfan 50WP	3 lb	Apply when mites begin to migrate from infested buds. See footnote 3. Extremely toxic to earthworms. 40- to 72-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Envidor 2SC	16-18 oz	Only 1 application per season. 7-day PHI.
lime sulfur (BSP)	12 gal	48-hour reentry.
Nexter	10.62 oz	Apply when mites begin to migrate from infested buds. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Sulforix (BSP)	3 gal	Apply in a dilute spray mid- to late April for most varieties and locations. 48-hour reentry.
Winter moth, omnivorous leaftier Note: Both may damage young trees by feeding on developing buds. Because of the early timing for this spray, application of these chemicals now may not adequately control filbert and obliquebanded leafrollers, which become active slightly later.
Lorsban 50WP or Lorsban 4E	3-4 lb 3-4 pt	No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Stage 6—Early shoot elongation
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Eastern filbert blight (See footnote 6 and Table 3.)
Abound	12 fl oz	Group 11 fungicide. Use on a 10-day schedule. 4-hour reentry. 45-day PHI.
bordeaux 6-6-100	—	Group M1 fungicide. This rate of bordeaux is high and may cause leaves to burn, especially if mixed improperly. See footnote 2. 24-hour reentry.
Bravo Weather Stik	4 pt	Group M5 fungicide. Spray at 2-week intervals after budbreak. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.
Bumper 41.8EC	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.
Cabrio EG	9.5 oz	Group 11 fungicide. Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications. 12-hour reentry.
Champion WP	16-24 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.
Copper-Count-N	10-12 qt	Group M1 fungicide. 12-hour reentry.
Echo 720	4 pt	Group M5 fungicide. Spray at budbreak. Spray again at 2-week intervals. 12-hour reentry. 120-day PHI.
Gem	4-8 oz	Group 11 fungicide. 60-day PHI. Do not use more than 16 oz/acre/season. 12-hour reentry.
Kocide 3000	7-10.5 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.
NuCop 50DF	16-24 lb	Group M1 fungicide. Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.
Orbit	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.
Procure 480SC	4-6 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. 12-hour reentry. 18-day PHI.
Propi-Max EC	4-9 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. See footnote 7. 24-hour reentry.
Quash	4 oz	Group 3 fungicide. Use with a surfactant. 12-hour reentry.
Tilt	5-8 fl oz	Group 3 fungicide. Spray at budbreak and again at 2-week intervals. See footnote 7. 12-hour reentry.
April-May
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Filbert leafroller Note: Filbert leafroller eggs hatch in late March and early April during warm weather.
Ambush 2E	13-25 oz	Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Asana XL	10-16 oz	Do not apply a second spray within 3 weeks of the first. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/A per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 21-day PHI.
azadirachtin (Azatin XL Plus)	11-21 oz	Botanical extract of the neem tree. 4-hr reentry. 0-day PHI.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)	1 lb	Spray when larvae first detected. Apply with a sticker.
Brigade WSB	0.05-0.2 lb ai/A (3.2-12.8 fl oz)	7-day PHI.
Cobalt	26-57 oz	14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-7 oz	7-day PHI.
Diazinon 500AG	1-2 qt	Apply in dilute spray. No more than 1 application per season. 21-day PHI.
Dimilin 2L	8-16 oz	Use a minimum of 50 gal water/A. Can use up to 4 applications per season (64 fl oz maximum per season). 12-hour reentry. 28-day PHI.
Intrepid	8-16 oz	Apply at or just prior to egg hatch. 14-day PHI.
Lorsban 50W or Lorsban 4E	3-4 lb 3-4 pt	No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Pounce 3.2E	8-16 oz	Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Sevin XLR Plus	2-5 qt	Sevin may cause rapid increase of aphid populations 3-4 weeks after application. 4F and 80S formulations also available. 12-hr reentry. 14-day PHI.
Success 2L	4-10 oz	Entrust is the organic formulation. 14-day PHI.
Warrior II	0.02-0.04 lb ai/A (1.28-2.56 fl oz)	14-day PHI.
Filbert aphid, hazelnut aphid
Assail 70WP	2.3-4.1 oz	14-day PHI.
Assail 30SG	5.3-9.6 oz	14-day PHI.
Diazinon 500AG	1-2 qt	Apply in dilute spray. No more than 1 application per season. 21-day PHI.
Leverage 2.7	3.8-5.1 oz	Baythroid and Provado combination. 14-day PHI.
Lorsban 50W or Lorsban 4E	3-4 lb 3-4 pt	No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. Determine whether aphid parasite is present in your orchard. An aphid spray might not be necessary. 14-day PHI.
Movento	6-9 oz	7-day PHI.
Provado 1.6	3.5-7.0 oz	7-day PHI.
Omnivorous leaftier, winter moth (if present) Note: Primarily pests during orchard establishment.
Lorsban 50W	3-4 lb	Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Sevin XLR Plus (carbaryl)	2-5 qt	4F, 50W, and 80S formulations also available. 12-hr reentry. 14-day PHI.
May-June
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
To increase nut set Note: These are rates for foliar-applied sprays. Consult labels for soil-applied rates. For maximum effect, apply boron from mid- to late May. Do not tank-mix with insecticides.
Borosol 10	1-3 pt	—
Solubor	5 lb	—
Obliquebanded leafroller Note: Larvae cause damage by feeding between husk and nut. Inspect under husks for larvae between mid-June and late July. Leafrolling minimal to nonexistent at this time. Brigade, Bt, Sevin, Asana, Ambush, and Pounce are also labeled for leafroller and filbertworm control. Lorsban has given best control of larvae feeding between husk and nut.
Cobalt	26-57 oz	14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-7 oz	7-day PHI.
Diazinon 500AG	1-2 qt	Apply in dilute spray. 21-day PHI.
Dimilin 2L	8-16 oz	Use a minimum of 50 gal water/A. Can use up to 4 applications per season (64 fl oz maximum per season). 12-hour reentry. 28-day PHI.
Lorsban 50W or Lorsban 4E	3-4 lb 3-4 pt	No more than 3 applications per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Success 2L	4-10 oz	14-day PHI.
Spider mites, rust mites Note: Look for webbing and brown discoloration on the underside of leaves during the summer.
Acramite 50WS	0.75-1.0 lb	Use only once per season. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Envidor 2 SC	16-18 oz	7-day PHI.
Nexter	10.67 oz	Do not exceed 2 applications per season. 7-day PHI.
Savey 50DF	3-6 oz	Does not control adult rust mites. 28-day PHI.
Zeal	2-3 oz	One application per season. 28-day PHI.
July-August
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Filbertworm Note: Lorsban and Sevin also are registered for filbertworm. See footnote 4 on use of pheromone traps.
Ambush 2E	13-25 oz	Do not graze treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Asana XL	10-18 oz	Do not apply a second spray within 3 weeks of the first. Do not apply more than 0.2 lb ai/A per season. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. 24-hour reentry. 21-day PHI.
Assail 70WP	2.3-4.1 oz	14-day PHI.
Assail 30SG	5.3-9.6 oz	14-day PHI.
Baythroid 2	2.0-2.4 oz	14-day PHI.
Brigade WSP	0.05-0.2 ai/A (3.2-12.8 fl oz)	7-day PHI.
Confirm 2F	up to 30 oz	Apply at or just prior to initiation of egg hatch. 14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-7 oz	7-day PHI.
Dimilin 2L	12-16 oz	Apply at or just prior to egg hatch.
Esteem	13-16 oz	Do not use more than twice per season. 21-day PHI.
Intrepid 2F	8-16 oz	Apply at or just prior to egg hatch. 14-day PHI.
Leverage 2.7	3.8-5.1 oz	Baythroid and Provado combination. 14-day PHI.
Pounce 3.2E	8-16 oz	Do not graze livestock in treated orchards. Do not apply more than 1.6 lb ai/A per season. 24-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Proaxis	2.56-5.12 oz	14-day PHI.
Success 2L	4-10 oz	Entrust is the organic formulation. 14-day PHI.
Warrior II	0.02-0.04 lb ai/A (1.28-2.56 fl oz)	14-day PHI.
Eastern filbert blight
none	—	Scout orchards and remove and destroy all infected wood prior to budbreak.
Late August-September
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Bacterial blight Note: An important spray for young filberts (less than 10 years old). Apply coppers after harvest and before fall rains. If heavy rains occur, repeat application when three-fourths of the leaves have dropped. See footnote 2.
bordeaux 6-3-100	—	24-hour reentry.
Champion WP	16-24 lb	Add 1 pt horticultural mineral oil (HMO) per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.
C-O-C-S WDG	12-16 lb	Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water.
Copper-Count-N	10-12 qt	12-hour reentry.
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss	10-15 lb	12-hour reentry.
Kocide 3000	7-10.5 lb	Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.
Nordox 75	8-13 lb	12-hour reentry.
NuCop 50DF	16-24 lb	Add 1 pt HMO per 100 gal water. 24-hour reentry.

Table 1. Registered herbicides for orchard crops in Oregon
This abbreviated table was prepared by Jeff Olsen, OSU Extension horticulturist, and Ed Peachey, OSU horticultural crop weed scientist. For a more complete guide to orchard crop weed management, please refer to the PNW Weed Management Handbook, available in hard copy or online. For access to herbicide labels, visit the CDMS Agro-chemical database or Greenbook.
Site preparation
Material	Uses	Rate
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.
New plantings (newly planted trees less than 1 year old), nonbearing
Material	Uses	Rate
napropamide (Devrinol)	All except chestnuts	5 lb ai/A (50 lb/A Devrinol 10-G)
oryzalin (Surflan)	—	2-6 lb ai/A (2-6 qt/A Surflan AS)
trifluralin (Treflan 4EC)	Newly established, nonbearing and bearing, except pears, apples, cherries, and hazelnuts	0.5-1 lb ai/A (1-2 pt/A Treflan 4EC)
isoxaben (Gallery or Gallery T & V)	Nonbearing crop only, except chestnuts	0.495-0.998 lb ai/A (0.66-1.33 lb/A product)
isoxaben + trifluralin (Snapshot 2.5TG)	Nonbearing crop only, except chestnuts	5 lb ai/A (200 lb/A Snapshot 2.5TG)
trifluralin + isoxaben + oxyfluorfen (Showcase)	Nonbearing crops only, including apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, plums, and prunes; excluding apples, pears, hazelnuts, walnuts, and chestnuts	2.5-5 lb ai/A (100-200 lb/A Showcase)
pronamide (Kerb)	Nonbearing fruit trees	1-4 lb ai/A (2-8 lb/A). Rate depends on species present and soil texture.
fluazifop (Fusilade DX)	—	0.25-0.375 lb ai/A (16-24 oz/A Fusilade DZ). Refer to specific grassy weeds on label.
sethoxydim (Poast)	—	0.28-0.47 lb ai/A (1.5-2.5 pt/A product)
clethodim (Envoy, Prism, Select)	Nonbearing trees only	0.06-0.125 lb ai/A (6-8 oz/A Select)
paraquat (Gramozone, Inteon, Firestorm)	—	0.625-1 lb cation/A (2.5-4 pt/A Gramoxone; 1.7-2.7 pt/A Firestorm)
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Wiper: 33% solution
glufosinate ammonium (Rely)	Apples, hazelnuts, and walnuts	0.75-1.5 lb ai/A (3-6 qt/A Rely)
oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL)	—	1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)
Established plantings/Applications that persist in the soil
Material	Uses	Rate
pendimethalin (Prowl H20)	Bearing fruits and nuts (H2O formulation); 3.3EC formulation for nonbearing only	Prowl H2O: 1.9-3.8 lb ai/A (2-4 qt/A), depending on desired length of weed control. Prowl 3.3EC: 1.98-3.96 lb ai/A (2.4-4.8 qt/A)
flumioxazin (Chateau WDG)	Nut trees only	0.188-0.38 lb ai/A Chateau WDG. Refer to label for organic matter, soil types, and rates for various broadleaf weeds.
flumioxazin (Chateau SW)	Pome and stone fruit trees	Preemergence: 0.38 lb ai/A (12 oz/A Chateau SW) Postemergence: 0.188-0.38 lb ai/A (6-12 oz/A Chateau SW). See label for organic matter, soil types, and rates for various broadleaf weeds.
dichlobenil (Casoron CS)	Apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts only, bearing and nonbearing	1.96-3.92 lb ai/A (1.4-2.8 gal/A Casoron CS)
dichlobenil (Casoron)	Apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts	4-6 lb ai/A (100-150 lb/A Casoron)
diuron (Karmex DF and others)	Apples, pears, peaches, hazelnuts, and walnuts only	See label for crop-specific application rates.
simazine (Princep Caliber 90 is a Special Local Needs label for sweet cherries only). Tart cherries have a federal label for Princep 4L, Caliber 90, and other simazine herbicides in Oregon.	Except chestnuts, apricots, prunes, and nectarines	See product labels for rates.
terbacil (Sinbar 80)	Bearing apples and peaches only; labeled for nonbearing apricot, pear, apple, cherry, peach, and plum	0.4-0.8 lb ai/A (0.5-1 lb/A), newly established; 2-4 lb/A Sinbar, bearing, depending on soil type
norflurazon (Solicam)	Except chestnuts	1.97-7.8 lb ai/A (2.5-10 lb/A Solicam)
napropamide (Devrinol)	Except chestnuts	5 lb ai/A (50 lb/A Devrinol 10G)
oryzalin (Surflan AS)	Except apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, prunes, and walnuts	2-6 lb ai/A (2-6 qt/A Surflan)
pronamide (Kerb)	Except apricots, hazelnuts, and walnuts	1-4 lb ai/A (2-8 lb/A Kerb 50W)
trifluralin (Terflan 4EC)	Except apples, pears, cherries, and hazelnuts	0.5-1 lb ai/A (1-2 pt/A Treflan 4EC)
oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL)	—	1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)
pendimethalin	Supplemental labels for Prowl H2O on bearing stone and pome fruits and nuts	1.9-3.8 ai/A (2-4 qt/A Prowl H2O), depending on desired length of control
Established plantings/Postemergence contact and translocated herbicides
Material	Uses	Rate
paraquat (Gramoxone Max, Firestorm)	—	0.625-1 lb cation/A (2.5-4 pt/A Gramoxone; 1.7-2.7 pt/A Firestorm)
oxyfluorfen (Goal 2XL)	—	1.25-2 lb ai/A (5-8 pt/A Goal 2XL)
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Spray: read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Wiper: 33% solution
glufosinate ammonium (Rely)	Apples, hazelnuts, and walnuts	0.75-1.5 lb ai/A (3-6 qt/A Rely)
2,4-D amine (Saber, Weed- Rhap A4D, Dri-Clean Herbicide)	—	0.95-1.4 lb ae/A (2-3 pt/A Saber)
clopyralid (Stinger)	Stone fruits only	0.12-0.25 lb ae/A (0.33-0.66 pt/A Stinger)
rimsulfuron (Matrix FNV)	All fruit and nut crops	0.063 lb ai/A (4 oz/A Matrix FNV per year)
halosulfuron (Sandea)	Nut crops only	0.032-0.062 lb ai/A (0.66-1.33 oz/A)
fluazifop (Fusilade DX)	Except bearing apples, pears, chestnuts, and walnuts; labeled for nonbearing pears	0.25-0.375 lb ai/A (16-24 oz/A Fusilade DX). Refer to specific grassy weeds listed on label.
sethoxydim (Poast)	Except prunes and plums	0.28-0.47 lb ai/A (1.5-2.5 pt/A Poast)
Grass suppression in row middles (chemical mowing)
Material	Uses	Rate
glyphosate (numerous product names)	—	Read label carefully for crops listed and geographic location.
sethoxydim (Poast)	—	0.09 lb ai/A (0.5 pt/A Poast)

Table 2. Hazelnut IPM Sampling Methods and Action Thresholds
Insect	Sampling period	Sampling method	Action threshold
European winter moth	Larvae: March 15-May 31	3 terminals/tree and 3 leaf clusters/terminal. Each terminal is a sampling unit.	20% infestation
Big bud mite	April	In mid-April, place Tanglefoot on twigs surrounding blasted buds. Check for extremely small, white, cigar-shaped mites with a 20x hand lens.	When consistent mite movement is observed, which usually occurs with budbreak.
Omnivorous leaftier	April 15-June	3 bud clusters per tree	5% infestation
Filbert aphid	April 1-Sept. 30	3 terminals per tree—newest fully expanded leaf on each terminal	April—20/leaf May—30/leaf June—40/leaf July—40/leaf with an increasing population.
OBLR and filbert leafroller	Larvae: April-August Adult: Mid-May to Sept.	Larvae: 3 terminals per tree and 3 leaf clusters per terminal. Each terminal is a sampling unit. Adult: pheromone trap for each 5 acres. 6' height.	Larvae: 20-25% infestation. Adult: 40 moths per week and find second-generation OBLR larvae feeding on nuts.
Filbertworm	June-Sept.	Adult: pheromone traps—4 for first 10 acres and one for each additional 4 acres. Place traps in the upper third of the canopy by mid-June.	2-3 moths per trap or 5 moths in any one trap

Table 3. Effectiveness of Fungicides for Eastern Filbert Blight Management*
Fungicide trade name	Common name	Group #	EFB control
Abound	azoxystrobin	11	Fair to good
Bravo	chlorothalonil	M5	Excellent
Bumper	propiconazole	3	Good to excellent
Cabrio	pyraclostrobin	11	Excellent
Champion	copper hydroxide	M1	Good
Copper-Count-N	copper ammonium carbonate	M1	Good
Echo	chlorothalonil	M5	Excellent
Gem	trifloxystrobin	11	Good to excellent
Kocide	copper hydroxide	M1	Good
Nu-Cop	copper hydroxide	M1	Good
Orbit	propiconazole	3	Good to excellent
Procure	triflumizole	3	Fair to good
Propi-Max	propiconazole	3	Good to excellent
Quash	metconazole	3	Good
Tilt	propiconazole	3	Good to excellent
*These ratings are relative rankings based on full application rates, good spray coverage and proper spray timing. Actual levels of disease control will be influenced by these factors in addition to cultivar susceptibility, disease pressure, and weather conditions. Possible ratings for disease control include none, slight, fair, good, or excellent.