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Blueberry 2008 Pest Management Guide for the Willamette Valley EM 8538-E Revised March 2008 Do you want to print a copy? First download the free Adobe Reader, if you don't already have it.

The chemicals, formulations, and rates listed here for insect, mite, and disease control are among the best recommendations based on label directions, research, and use experience. Only a thorough knowledge of the blueberry planting, its varieties, bush size and density, canopy characteristics, pest complex, and past pest problems will enable you to correctly select chemicals, rates, amount of water used per acre, and method of application for optimum pest control. Occasionally, different formulations of a product or like formulations containing a different amount of active ingredient also are registered and effective for use on the pests listed. These products also may be used; we do not intend to discriminate against them. You may wish to consult their labels and determine whether their use confers advantages over the products listed in this guide. Two questions frequently are asked about the chemical control of insects and diseases: “How much chemical do I use per acre?” and “What is the least amount of water I need per acre to apply in my concentrate sprayer?” Notice that the recommendations below suggest an amount of formulated product (not active ingredient) to use per acre. This amount is based on a “typical” middle age and density blueberry planting with moderate pest pressure. Common sense indicates that less material may be needed (than that given) for 1- to 4-year-old plantings. Conversely, more chemical (within label limits) may be required for large, mature bushes experiencing heavy pest pressure from multiple pests. Many insecticide labels today indicate the minimum amount of water needed per acre to apply concentrate sprays of insecticides, as well as how to calculate the amount of chemical needed per acre in a concentrate sprayer. CHECK LABEL BEFORE SPRAYING!! Always refer to the pesticide label for use instructions. It is the legal document regarding use patterns. Resistance management The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) has helped to develop FRAC code for fungicides based on their mode of action and target site. To better manage fungicide resistance, do not mix or alternate fungicides with the same FRAC number in a spray program. The FRAC code "M" indicates that the fungicide acts upon multiple sites and has low resistance risk. You can find the FRAC code on the label, or they are listed at the end of this publication for various fungicides. Important information Pesticide Use Reporting System (PURS): The Oregon legislature passed a law in 1999 to create the PURS, which requires Web-based reporting of all pesticide applications in the state of Oregon. The goal of this online reporting system is to collect information on pesticide use that will help to ensure public health and safety and protect Oregon’s water and environment. For more information, please visit the PURS website. Buffers regulation for the Oregon/Washington small fruit industry: A recent District Court ruling resulted in spray buffer regulations near certain bodies of water. To obtain up-to-date information on this new regulation and to learn whether your fields are close to affected rivers or streams, visit the following two Web sites: Oregon Department of Agriculture Washington State Department of Agriculture Diazinon products are currently undergoing label changes, such as limiting the number of foliar applications to one per season, reducing the application rate from 1.0 lb a.i./A to 0.5 lb a.i./A, increasing the reentry interval from 1 day to 5 days, and not allowing aerial applications. Growers are reminded to follow the instructions on the label of the product they intend to use (i.e., old product should be used according to the old label; new products according to the new label). Funginex can no longer be used in blueberries (not even old product with old labeling). The tolerance in blueberries has been revoked, and use is considered illegal. For more information on blueberry production, visit the Northwest Berry & Grape Information Network. For more information on plant disease management, visit the OSU Extension Service Online Guide to Plant Disease Control. For more information on insect management, visit the online PNW Insect Management Handbook.

Sequential stages of flower development 1 Dormant: No visible swelling, bud scales completely enclose the inflorescence. 2 Bud swell: Visible swelling of bud, scales separating, flowers still completely enclosed. 3 Floral bud break: Bud scales separated, apices of flowers visible. 4 Floral bud break, prebloom: Individual flowers distinguishable, bud scales abscissed. 5 Prebloom: Individual flowers distinctly separated, corollas unexpanded and closed. 6 Bloom: Corollas completely expanded and open. 7 Petal fall: Corollas dropped.

Stages and pests
Dormant (stage 1)	Budbreak (stages 3 and 4)	Prebloom (stages 4 and 5)	Bloom (stage 6)	Postbloom to preharvest (stage 7)	Preharvest/ harvest	Postharvest
Mummy berry Bacterial canker Crown gall Godronia canker Scale insects	Mummy berry Phytophthora root rot Midge	Mummy berry Aphids Winter moths Cherry fruitworm	Mummy berry Botrytis Alternaria Anthracnose Shock virus Scorch virus	Anthracnose Alternaria Scorch virus Aphids Midge Leafrollers Scale (crawlers) Root weevils (adults) Yellowjackets	Botrytis Birds	Bacterial canker Root weevils (larvae)

Blueberry Pest Control Recommendations
Use only one material except where a combination is indicated. Follow label precautions when tank-mixing oils, fungicides, and insecticides. Materials are not listed in order of preference.

Dormant (stage 1)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
pH
none	—	Sample the soil around the root zone annually to see whether pH is in the correct range for normal plant growth (4.5-5.5).
Godronia canker, bacterial canker, and crown gall
none	—	Prune out and destroy affected canes when first noticed.
Mummy berry—primary infection
none	—	Destroy any cull piles near packing shed. Cultivate or rake between rows such that mummies are buried with a few inches of soil. Use 3-4 inches of mulch to cover mummies in spring.
herbicides	—	Applications of diuron or simazine may inhibit development of apothecia.
Scale insects
dormant oil	3 gal/100 gal water	Use sufficient gallonage per acre to thoroughly coat plants. Avoid applying oils during periods of freezing and subfreezing weather. 4- to 12-hour reentry (depends on brand).
Esteem 35WP	5 oz	12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Budbreak (stages 3 and 4)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Phytophthora root rot
Aliette WDG	5 lb	Do not use with copper materials. 12-hour reentry.
Fosphite	1-2 qt	Do not use copper materials within 10 to 20 days of treatment. 4-hour reentry.
Phostrol	2.5-5 pt	4-hour reentry.
Ridomil Gold SL	0.25 pt/1,000 ft of row	Apply to the soil as a treated band. Apply in spring as growth resumes. 48-hour reentry.
Mummy berry—primary infection
Bravo Weather Stik	3-4 pt	More effective on primary than secondary mummy berry. 12-hour reentry. 42-day PHI.
Captan 80WDG	1.25-3.1 lb	3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captevate 68WDG	4.7 lb	Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 21 lb/a/season. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Indar 75 WSP	2 oz	Tank mix with a wetting agent. 12-hour reentry. 30-day PHI.
Tilt	6 fl oz	Use of propiconazole for mummyberry control has been associated with an increase in Botrytis severity. 12-hour reentry. 30-day PHI.
Ziram 76DF	3 lb	2-day reentry.
Mummy berry—apothecia
lime sulfur (29%)	16-24 gal	Spray the ground under bushes to help destroy developing apothecia. Use 200-300 gal water/A. Must be repeated frequently since apothecia develop over several weeks.
Midge
Delegate WG	3-6 oz	Suppression of midge. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Diazinon 50W	2 lb	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Entrust	1.25-2 oz	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. Approved for organic production. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Imidan 70W (WSB)	1.33 lb	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 1-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	1.5 pt 1 pt	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and effective. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Success	4-6 fl oz	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Prebloom (stages 4 and 5)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Mummy berry—primary infection
Bravo Weather Stik	3-4 pt	More effective on primary than secondary mummy berry. 12-hour reentry. 42-day PHI.
Captan 80WDG	1.25-3.1 lb	3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captevate 68WDG	4.7 lb	Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 21 lb/a/season. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Indar 75WSP	2 oz	Tank mix with a wetting agent. 12-hour reentry. 30-day PHI.
Tilt	6 fl oz	Use of propiconazole for mummyberry control has been associated with an increase in Botrytis severity. 12-hour reentry. 30-day PHI.
Ziram 76DG	3 lb	2-day reentry.
Aphids
Actara	3-4 oz	12-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Diazinon 50W	2 lb	Do not apply to bloom or within 5 days of introducing bees. Do not use more than 10 lb diazinon 50W per season. Reapply no sooner than 14 days. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Esteem 35WP	5 oz	Aphids do not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
M-Pede	2 gal	Insecticidal soap. Apply as full cover spray, 2 gal/100 gal water. Repeat applications are likely to be necessary. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	1.5 pt 1 pt	Aphids do not appear on label; however, application is legal and effective. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Neem (Aza-Direct, Neemix)	—	Refer to label for rate, use pattern, and precautions. Most formulations of azadirachtin are approved for organic production.
Provado 1.6F	3-4 fl oz	12-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Platinum	5-12 fl oz	12-hour reentry. 75-day PHI.
Winter moths (spanworms, inchworms) Note: See footnote 1.
Asana XL	9.6 fl oz	Restricted use. Do not apply when bloom is present. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Bacillus thuringiensis	—	Many brands available. See label for rate. Multiple sprays usually necessary. Inspect buds in spring as scales separate. This pest usually requires a first B.t. application prior to bloom. 4-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Carbaryl 50WP (Sevin)	3-4 lb	This pest may not be listed on label; however, this is a legal application and is known to be effective. Do not apply to bloom or within 5 days of introducing bees. Two sprays 10-14 days apart with conventional insecticides are advised for optimum control. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Confirm 2F	1 pt	4-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-6 oz	Winter moth does not appear on label; however, application is legal and is known to be effective. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Diazinon 50W	2 lb	This pest may not be listed on label; however, this is a legal application and is known to be effective. Do not apply to bloom or within 5 days of introducing bees. Do not use more than 10 lb diazinon 50W per season. Reapply no sooner than 14 days. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Entrust	1.25-2 oz	Winter moth does not appear on label; however, application is legal and is known to be effective. Approved for organic production. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	Restricted use. This pest may not be listed on label; however, this is a legal application and is known to be effective. Do not apply to bloom or within 5 days of introducing bees. 2-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Success	4-6 fl oz	Winter moth does not appear on label; however, application is legal and is known to be effective. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Cherry fruitworm
Asana XL	9.6 fl oz	Aids in control. Do not apply within 7 days of pollination. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Carbaryl 50WP (Sevin)	3-4 lb	Do not apply within 5 days of pollination. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Confirm 2F	1 pt	4-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-6 oz	Do not apply more than a total of 19.5 oz per season. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Diazinon 50W	2 lb	Do not apply to bloom or within 5 days of introducing bees. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Entrust	1.25-2 oz	Approved for organic production. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Esteem 35WP	5 oz	12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	Restricted use. Do not apply within 5 days of pollination. 2-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	1.5 pt 1 pt	Avoid application when bees are present. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Success	4-6 fl oz	4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Bloom (stage 6)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Botrytis gray mold, Alternaria fruit rot, ripe rot (anthracnose) Note: See footnote 6.
Abound	6-15.5 fl oz	For ripe rot control. Do not use more than 3 times per year or 2 consecutive applications. 4-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Cabrio EG	14 oz	For ripe rot control. Do not use more than 4 times per year or 2 consecutive applications. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captan 80WDG	1.25-3.1 lb	Apply at early bloom and at 10- to 14-day intervals through petal fall. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captevate 68WDG	3.5-4.7 lb	Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 21 lb/a/season. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Elevate 50WDG	1.5 lb	For Botrytis control. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Iprodione 4L	1-2 pt	For Botrytis control. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Pristine	18.5-23 oz	Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 4 times/year. See footnote 7. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Switch 62.5WG	11-14 oz	Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 56 oz/a/season. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Ziram 76DF	3 lb	Do not apply more than 3 weeks past full bloom. 2-day reentry.
Mummy berry—secondary infection Note: See footnote 5. Other chemicals may be available under temporary emergency use (Section 18) or state crisis exemption labels. Double-check with your local Extension agent or chemical supplier.
Bravo Weather Stik	3-4 pt	Do not use past early bloom or when the very first petals fall to the ground. More effective on primary than secondary mummy berry. 12-hour reentry. 42-day PHI.
Captan 80WDG	1.25-3.1 lb	3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captevate 68WDG	4.7 lb	Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 21 lb/a/season. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Pristine	18.5-23 oz	Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 4 times/year. See footnote 7. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Ziram 76DF	3 lb	Do not apply more than 3 weeks past full bloom. 2-day reentry.
Shock and scorch virus
none	—	Look for symptoms and have suspected plants tested. Check with OSU as to when samples will be accepted for virus testing.
Postbloom to Preharvest (stage 7)
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Anthracnose (ripe rot) and Alternaria fruit rot Note: See footnote 6.
Abound	6-15.5 fl oz	Do not use more than 3 times per year or 2 consecutive applications. 4-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Cabrio EG	14 oz	For ripe rot control. Do not use more than 4 times per year or 2 consecutive applications. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captan 80WDG	1.25-3.1 lb	3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Captevate 68WDG	4.7 lb	Do not apply more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 21 lb/a/season. 3-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Pristine	18.5-23 oz	Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 4 times/year. See footnote 7. 1-day reentry. 0-day PHI.
Switch 67.5WG	11-14 oz	Do not use more than 2 consecutive applications or more than 56 oz/a/season. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Ziram 76DF	3 lb	Do not use later than 3 weeks after full bloom. 2-day reentry.
Scorch virus
none	—	Remove plants that test positive for this virus.
Aphids
Insecticidal soap, neem, diazinon, Esteem, Malathion,    Actara, Provado, or Platinum	—	See prebloom section for use, rates, and preharvest intervals.
Midge
Delegate WG	3-6 oz	Suppression of midge. Do not apply more than a total of 19.5 oz per season. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Diazinon 50W	2 lb	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Entrust	1.25-2 oz	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. Approved for organic production. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Imidan 70W (WSB)	1.33 lb	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 1-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	1.5 pt 1 pt	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Success	4-6 fl oz	Midge does not appear on label; however, application is legal and may be effective. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Leafrollers (orange tortrix) Note: See footnote 2.
Asana XL	9.6 fl oz	This pest may not be listed on the label; however, it is a legal application and known to be effective. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Bacillus thuringiensis	—	Many brands are available; see label for rate. 2-3 sprays 7 days apart may be necessary for satisfactory control. 4-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Carbaryl 50WP (Sevin)	3 lb	Highly toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Confirm 2F	1 pt	4-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Delegate WG	3-6 oz	Do not apply more than a total of 19.5 oz per season. 4-hour reentry.  3-day PHI.
Entrust	1.25-2 oz	Approved for organic production. 4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Imidan 70W (WSB)	1.33 lb	Toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. OR 24c registration. 1-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	Restricted Use Pesticide. Also will help suppress aphids. Highly toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 2-day reentry. 3-day PHI.
Mustang	4.3 oz	Restricted Use Pesticide. Toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Success	4-6 fl oz	4-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Scale insects (crawler stage)
Diazinon 50W	1-2 lb	This pest may not be listed on label; however, this is a legal application and is known to be effective. Toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 1-day reentry. 7-day PHI.
Esteem 35WP	5 oz	12-hour reentry. 7-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	2 pt 1.5 pt	This pest does not appear on the label; however, application is legal and effective. Apply in the evening after bee activity. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Root weevils (adults) Note: See footnote 3.
Actara	4 oz	12-hour reentry. 3-day PHI.
Asana XL	9.6 fl oz	Restricted Use Pesticide.Toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 12-hour reentry. 14-day PHI.
Malathion 57EC or    Malathion 8 Aquamul	2 pt 1.5 pt	This pest does not appear on the label; however, application is legal and effective. Apply in the evening after bee activity. 12-hour reentry. 1-day PHI.
Mustang	4.3 oz	Restricted Use Pesticide. Toxic to bees; do not apply if bees are foraging in the area. 12-hour reentry. 0-day PHI.
Neem (Aza-Direct, Neemix)	—	Refer to label for rate, use pattern, and precautions.
Yellowjackets
Heptyl butyrate traps	—	See WSU EB 0643, Yellowjackets and Paper Wasps, for further use directions.
Pressurized insecticide    sprays	—	Numerous products. Apply as spray to entrance hole of aerial nests. Do not contaminate berries.
Growth regulator to promote ripening
Ethephon (Ethrel)	4-8 pt	Use 150-200 gal water per acre. 2-day reentry.
Preharvest/Harvest
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Bird prevention
Labels for bird repellents    include Bird Shield and    ReJex-iT. Consult    local Extension agent.	—	Netting is the most effective alternative for control. Reflective tapes also show some effectiveness. Other mechanical methods are used under a variety of circumstances with varying levels of effectiveness.
Botrytis gray mold
none	—	Adjust overhead irrigation so foliage and fruit do not remain wet for extended periods of time.
Postharvest
Pest or disease/ Material	Amount of product per acre	Comments/Reentry interval/Preharvest interval (PHI)
Bacterial canker Note: Make an application following harvest and prior to fall rains; repeat in 1 month.
Bordeaux (8-8-100)	—	—
Copper-Count-N	8-10 qt	12-hour reentry.
Cuprofix Disperss	8 lb	1-day reentry.
Kocide DF	6 lb	1-day reentry.
Nordox 75WG	6.5-10 lb	1-day reentry. Use a spreader-sticker.
Nu-Cop 50DF	6 lb	1-day reentry.
Root weevils (larvae) Note: See footnote 3.
Neem (Aza-Direct, Neemix)	—	Applied to the soil in early fall. Refer to label for rate, use pattern, and precautions.
Parasitic nematodes	—	Applied to the soil in early fall. Follow label directions for rate and irrigation requirements.

Footnotes WINTER MOTHS: There are four species of winter moths native to the Northwest. Their life histories are similar in that there is but one generation/year characterized by eggs that overwinter on the trunks and branches of deciduous trees and shrubs. The larvae (inchworms or spanworms) begin emerging as early as March, with egg hatch usually complete by mid-April. The larvae feed on many plants, particularly those of the rose family. Blueberry plantings become infested when moths deposit eggs on plants in late fall and winter and/or when larvae infesting host plants adjacent to the planting are blown in on silken threads. This larval migration often leads growers to believe that previously applied sprays failed to control the pest. CONTROL: Recognize that larvae are active in March and can burrow into buds, causing damage prior to bud burst. Early-season control is necessary. Infestations of winter moth that are a result of in-field infestations (eggs having overwintered on trunks and limbs of blueberry plants) can be reduced by the dormant oil + insecticide spray during the winter. Careful inspection of buds and newly expanding plant growth from April through early bloom will indicate need for additional sprays. Because larvae are present into June and because the larvae can blow into blueberry plantings from surrounding trees, you must monitor fields even after insecticides have been applied. Repeat sprays may be necessary. Use least-toxic alternatives when pollinators and/or bloom are present. LEAFROLLERS: The most common leafroller in western Oregon blueberries is the orange tortrix. It does direct feeding damage to the berries, providing an entry route for fruit rots, and may become an insect contaminant at harvest. It overwinters as a larva under leaves plastered to the trunks and limbs and among leaf litter of host plants. Most infestations on blueberries occur when moths of the spring generation (flight beginning mid-April and peaking early to mid-June) fly in and deposit eggs on plants. CONTROL OF LARVAE—PREBLOOM: In-field infestations of larvae should be evaluated and treated (if necessary) from late March to early April, with the April date being on the late side for effective control if mild winter/early spring weather occur. CONTROL OF LARVAE—LATE JUNE/EARLY JULY: Use pheromone traps to monitor moth activity in individual plantings from May through harvest to help in deciding whether or not to control larvae. Sprays to control larvae in late June and early July are necessary in caneberries when individual trap catches exceed 70 moths/week or more than 200 moths are caught in a trap by June 1. We do not have adequate information on blueberries at this time. Choice of insecticide will depend on presence of bloom or proximity of harvest. NOTE: If Bacillus thuringiensis is used, two and possibly three applications at 7-day intervals may be necessary to achieve adequate control of heavy infestations. Use of this product with this timing should begin about 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated harvest because of its relatively slow action. CONTROL OF LARVAE—AUGUST THROUGH HARVEST: A second flight begins in late July or early August, with large numbers of moths active through September. Larvae from these flights may infest fruit of the blueberry varieties harvested from mid-August through September. Pheromone traps used as above will help in the decision-making process of whether or not to control orange tortrix. NOTE: Obliquebanded leafroller adults occasionally are lured to the orange tortrix traps. Be sure to distinguish between the two species, as obliquebanded leafroller seldom is a pest in blueberries. Also, orange tortrix traps will “pull in” males of the orange tortrix from a long distance from the blueberry planting, giving the false impression at times that a large infestation of larvae will follow within 2 to 3 weeks. For this reason, we recommend the placement of “guard” traps a few hundred yards, and in the predominant downwind direction, from the planting. They will intercept moths coming from areas that do not pose a threat to the blueberry field. Do not consider these moths when evaluating the need to spray a given block, but try to identify the source of infestation for future reference. Finally, always try to verify the presence of larvae in a planting to justify a spray application. Do this by placing a white sheet under a few plants and shaking limbs vigorously. The larvae will hang down on silk threads, eventually falling to the sheet. Rolled leaves and leaves plastered to berries also are indications of infestation. ROOT WEEVILS: Several different species of root weevils have been found damaging blueberries in Oregon. Black vine weevil, strawberry root weevil, and obscure root weevil are three of the most common species whose larvae girdle roots, setting back growth tremendously. Adult weevils, although causing negligible injury to the leaves, can be contaminants of fruit. DETECTION: Depending on the species, adults begin emerging in early May, with 90 percent emergence usually occurring by mid-June, depending on how warm spring temperatures have been, elevation and slope of the planting, and depth of the insulating sawdust layer. To determine when adults emerge and become active, inspect new sucker growth near crown for leaf notching. With the aid of a flashlight, you can most easily see the adult weevils when they are feeding on foliage on warm, still evenings after sunset. CONTROL: All weevils are females and have the ability to lay more than 500 eggs during the course of the season. Applications of insecticides to control weevils are timed to 80-90 percent adult emergence but prior to egg laying. This usually is in June. Weevils are difficult to control with insecticides. Therefore, it is necessary to time foliar sprays carefully. Weevils are active at night. Applications should be made after dark (usually 10 p.m. to after midnight) on warm, still evenings when weevils are on foliage. Two or three sprays approximately 1 week apart are necessary to begin to control an established infestation. Obviously, you also must consider the presence of bloom and the damage caused by the sprayer to the bloom and by the insecticide to pollinators. Custom programs often must be devised for individual blocks, depending on emergence pattern of the adult weevils, blueberry variety, presence of bloom and pollinators, and proximity to harvest. Neem or parasitic nematodes can be applied to the soil for control of the larvae in established plantings. Applications made in fall when larvae are young yield best results. Degree of control, however, depends on soil moisture and available irrigation or rainfall. Refer to label for use pattern and precautions. Bordeaux 8-8-100 means 8 pounds of copper sulfate plus 8 pounds of hydrated lime in 100 gallons of water. In any bordeaux formula, the ingredients always are listed in the same order—copper sulfate, hydrated lime, then gallons of water. Bacteria resistant to various copper formulations have been detected in nurseries throughout the Willamette Valley and in blueberry fields in British Columbia. Resistant bacterial populations will reduce the effectiveness of copper-based products. Bravo applied during full bloom at high rates may result in fruit russeting on some cultivars. Use lower rates or alternative products. Although registered, Bravo and Aliette have not been shown to be consistently effective against ripe rot. Ziram was effective in 1998 field trials. Pristine is active on a number of disease organisms but resistance is of concern. Use of group 11 materials such as Pristine, Cabrio, or Abound is limited. We feel Pristine is best positioned during and after bloom to maximize its use against ripe rot and Botrytis and to get activity on mummy berry.

Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Blueberry Diseases*
Fungicide	Fungicide group	Mummy berry (primary)	Mummy berry (secondary)	Botrytis blight	Anthracnose fruit rot	Alternaria fruit rot	Pseudomonas bacterial canker	Phytophthora root rot
Abound	11	Moderate?	Moderate?	Moderate	Excellent	??	Not effective	Not effective
Aliette	33	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Poor	??	Not effective	Good
Bravo	M5	Moderate	Poor	Moderate	Moderate to poor	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective
Cabrio	11	Poor	Poor	Poor	Excellent	??	Not effective	Not effective
Captan	M4	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Not effective	Not effective
Captevate	M4 + 17	Moderate	Moderate	Good to excellent	Moderate	Moderate	Not effective	Not effective
Copper-based products	M1	??	??	Moderate to poor	??	??	Good**	Not effective
Elevate	17	Moderate?	Moderate?	Good to excellent	Poor	??	Not effective	Not effective
Fosphite	33	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Poor	??	Not effective	Good
Indar	3	Good	Good	?	Poor	?	Not effective	Not effective
Phostrol	33	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Poor	??	Not effective	Good
Pristine	11 + 7	Poor	Good	Excellent	Excellent	??	Not effective	Not effective
Ridomil	4	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Not effective	Excellent**
Serenade	Biological	Poor to none	Poor to none	?	Not effective	?	Not effective	Not effective
Switch	12 + 9	None to poor	Poor	Good to excellent	Good	??	Not effective	Not effective
Tilt/Orbit	3	Good	Good	Poor	Poor	?	Not effective	Not effective
Ziram	M3	Poor	Poor	Moderate to poor	Moderate	Moderate	Not effective	Not effective
*These ratings are relative rankings based on labeled application rates, good spray coverage, and proper spray timing. Actual levels of disease control will be influenced by these factors in addition to cultivar susceptibility, disease pressure, and weather conditions. **Resistant pathogens will lower the effectiveness of these fungicides.

Blueberry Cultivar Susceptibility to Disease
Cultivar	Mummy berry (primary)	Mummy berry (secondary)	Blueberry scorch	Bacterial canker	Ripe rot
Berkeley	MR	MR	S	?	I
Bluecrop	S	MR	T**	MR	S
Bluejay	D	D	S	S	I
Blueray	S	MR	S	S	S
Bluetta	R	MR	T	I	S
Chandler	?	?	?	S	?
Collins	S	R	S	?	R
Concord	MR	S	T**	?	I
Coville	S	MR	?	S	?
Darrow	R	MR	S	S	I
Dixi	R	R	S	?	I
Duke	?	?	T**	I	I
Earliblue	S	S	S	?	S
Elliott	D	D	?	R	R
Herbert	D	D	S	?	S
Ivanhoe	?	?	T	?	I
Jersey	MR	S	T	S	I
Lateblue	MR	MR	S	?	I
Northland	S	S	**	?	I
Olympia	?	?	MR	?	I
Patriot	?	?	S	S	I
Pemberton	MR	R	S	?	I
Ranococas	S	S	T	R	I
Rubel	R	S	S	MR	I
Spartan	D	D	S	I	S
Toro	?	?	?	?	I
Weymouth	S	S	S	R	R
MR = Moderately resistant; R = Resistant; I = Intermediate; S = Susceptible; T = Tolerant; ? = Unknown D = Described as resistant but unknown reaction in the Pacific Northwest relative to other cultivars **Susceptible to a strain of the virus found in British Columbia.

Basic Elements of Safe Pesticide Use Always read the label with care. This is the first step in selecting the right material for the job. Never rely on your memory. Before opening the container, pay strict attention to warnings and cautions printed on the label. Keep all pesticide and spray materials out of the reach of children, pets, and irresponsible persons. Storage outside of the home, away from food and feed, and under lock and key is the safest method. Store only in the original container and keep tightly closed. NEVER smoke, eat, or drink while applying pesticides. Avoid inhalation or direct contact. Always wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label. Avoid spills. If spills occur, take immediate action to remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly. After each application, bathe and change to clean clothing. Wash clothing after each use. Always use fresh clothing when starting a new application. Avoid contamination of fish ponds and water supplies. Cover feed and water containers when treating around livestock or pet areas. Keep separate equipment for use with hormone-type herbicides to avoid accidental injury to susceptible plants. Also avoid applications under wind conditions that could create drift to nontarget areas. Rinse empty containers three times before disposing of them. Add the rinse to the spray tank and dispose of containers according to local regulations to avoid hazard to humans, animals, and the environment. Follow label directions for mixing and application to keep residues within the limits prescribed by law. Plan ahead. Discuss with your physician the materials you will be using during the season so that he or she can be prepared to provide the appropriate treatment in case of accidental exposure. If symptoms of illness occur, call the physician or get the patient to a hospital immediately. Always provide the medical personnel with as much information as possible. Be cautious when you apply pesticides. Know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator. You may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use. Poison Center Nationwide: 1-800-222-1222 If a person has collapsed or is not breathing, dial 911.

Prepared by Wei Yang, Extension agent, North Willamette Research and Extension Center; Glenn C. Fisher, Extension entomology specialist; Jay W. Pscheidt, Extension plant pathology specialist; and Joe DeFrancesco, assistant professor; all of Oregon State University. The information in this pest management guide is valid for 2008. The mention of commercial products in this publication does not constitute endorsement by the Oregon State University Extension Service, nor should exclusion be interpreted as criticism of any item, form, or service. Due to constantly changing laws and regulations, the Oregon State University Extension Service can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained in this guide. Pesticides should be applied according to the label directions on the pesticide container. Revised March 2008.

Produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials without discrimination based on age, color, disability, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran's status. Oregon State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Copyright © 1995- Oregon State University. Disclaimer.