Selling Logs from Your Property: A Curriculum Package for Educators in the Western U.S.

Overview

This curriculum has been developed as a resource for Extension foresters, educators, natural resource professionals and forestry volunteers to teach participants how to successfully administer a harvesting operation on their forested property in the western United States. Participants of this training program will understand the steps to selling trees, know how to properly identify the people involved and identify the expected outcomes when the operation is complete. This training guide may be used in conjunction with Harvesting and Selling Timber: A Field Guide for Woodland Owners, EM 9197.

A note on stewardship

Timber harvesting is a forest management tool that can achieve several different objectives. Harvesting trees may come after decades of hard work and planning, and should not be taken lightly. While this curriculum focuses on timber harvesting, note that harvesting is just one piece of the larger framework of forest stewardship and management planning. Participants are encouraged to focus on establishing goals and objectives for their property, and developing and carrying out a plan to reach them. No matter what the ultimate goal is, a plan helps organize a property towards achieving that goal.

Background

For most forest landowners, a timber harvest occurs once or twice in a lifetime and is usually conducted to improve forest health and wildlife habitat, or to provide family income. These projects are extremely daunting and risky for those without experience. As a result, harvesting without landowner experience either:

Does not get accomplished, leading to overstocking of forestlands. This often slows tree growth, makes forests more susceptible to disease and insect damage, and reduces wildlife habitat diversity. Or,
Does get accomplished, but is left up to the operator, who may not always optimize the landowner’s objectives.

Landowners face a myriad of risks when selling timber. For example, some may lack knowledge of the value of their logs and how to sell them into the correct markets. As a result, they might sell their timber for far less than the price they would receive if they had a better understanding of market timing and mill preferences.

Ignorance of forest practice laws may lead to legal violations. A landowner’s unfamiliarity with a logging operation can lower confidence in decision-making while the job is in progress and may lead to unsatisfactory results. Additionally, landowners sometimes rely on verbal agreements rather than written contracts. Inadequate contracts and insurance leave landowners open to unnecessary liability.

To combat these issues, Kevin Zobrist, Washington State University North Puget Sound Extension Forestry professor, obtained funding from the Washington State University Western Extension Risk Management Education Center and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture to develop a program that educates private landowners on the potential risks of harvesting and how to avoid them. In 2015, Kevin Zobrist and Lauren Grand, then a Forestry Extension program coordinator at WSU, developed a two-day symposium for landowners on how to sell logs from their property while minimizing unnecessary financial and legal risk.

Since its inception in 2015, Selling Logs from Your Property has been replicated in Washington and Oregon, with funding provided by the Renewable Resources Extension Act, administered by the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture. The program has also taken on new forms to meet the needs of the local community and Extension educators. At the time of this writing, it has reached over 550 Pacific Northwest landowners.

How the curriculum is organized

This curriculum includes an instructor’s guide for those leading the Selling Logs from Your Property program. The instructor’s guide details goals, delivery methods and necessary resources. These resources can be used to support Extension programming in many formats. The curriculum also provides advertising resources, outreach materials, guest speaker communications and field trip options. The sections in the training curriculum pertain to the learning objectives in the instructor’s guide and provide the necessary lesson plans for the main content to be covered in the training.

Training objectives for instructors

Foster landowner confidence and skills in conducting a timber-harvesting operation.
Provide landowners with necessary resources to make informed harvesting decisions that meet forest management goals and state forest practice laws.
Connect landowners with resources that can help them get a fair market price for their logs.
Minimize landowner risk by teaching landowners their rights and responsibilities, how to have a robust contract, and how to connect with the right professionals.
The field trip may provide an example of a successfully completed timber sale and harvest, allowing participants to familiarize themselves with how operations work, and what a finished harvest area may look like.

Audience: Who should participate?

The primary audience for the Selling Logs from your Property program are woodland owners, volunteers in the Master Woodland Manager or other forestry programs, and natural resources professionals interested in learning more about selling logs and the timber-harvesting process. While the target audience is primarily inexperienced landowners, those with experience are also encouraged to attend. There are always opportunities for growth and learning in any Extension program.

Instructor’s guide

Introduction

The purpose of the Selling Logs from your Property curriculum is to help Extension agents or other natural resource educators teach participants how to successfully and confidently administer a harvesting operation on their forested property. The instructor’s guide details goals, delivery methods and necessary resources. With this guide, you should be able to successfully offer this program for landowners in your region.

Room setup

Select a space that is large enough to employ an auditorium-style room arrangement. All participants should easily view a screen and speakers at the front of the room. Ensure each participant has adequate table space and elbow room. If using round tables, limit the number of chairs with the backs oriented toward the front of the room, requiring the person seated to turn their chair in order to view the presentation and speaker.

Place a table in front of the room for the panel sessions. Ideally, this table will be elevated, such as on a stage, so the audience can remain seated and easily see the panelists during the sessions. You will need enough chairs for your largest panel, plus one for the moderator.

Set up food and beverages in the back of the room. This limits distractions as participants get up for refills.

If exhibitors are present, set up square or rectangle tables on the outer edge of the room. Space the tables far enough apart so a chair can fit in between or behind tables, so exhibitors who choose to stay for the program can sit comfortably yet out of the way.

Total time needed

The total time needed to run this program will differ depending on the format. Generally, you will need one to three days to offer the full program, with specific time requirements for each component varying. For more information, see sample agendas.

Equipment and materials

Each participant should receive:

A folder containing all relevant handouts and resources, including printouts of all presentations, an agenda and pencil. (Suggested materials are included in each chapter of this curriculum.)

The host should also supply:

Refreshments for breaks. Consider providing a meal if appropriate.
Buses or vans to field tour locations (if needed).
Personal protective equipment if touring in a forest, a harvest site or mill (including hardhats, ear protection and high-visibility vests in addition to any other requirements set by the operator or mill).

Delivery method

Presentations from local experts.
Panelist discussions with local landowners and relevant professionals.
Field tour of post-harvest site conditions (optional).
Portable sawmill demonstration (optional).
Log-scaling discussion and demonstration (optional).
Harvesting equipment discussion and demonstration (optional).
Mill tour and discussion (optional)

Course outline and learning objectives

At the end of the Selling Logs from your Property program, participants will have gained knowledge to successfully and confidently administer a timber harvesting operation on their forested property. Each presentation, panel and field-tour component targets a different aspect of the timber-harvesting and log-selling process. Outlined below are the sections covered in the program and the learning objectives for those sections.

Timber sales fundamentals

Participants will understand the steps involved in a timber sale; considerations for economic viability; roads and access; and types of sales to consider.

Local forest markets

Timber marketing: Participants will understand the importance of performing a forest cruise prior to harvest; get tips for understanding the market and market timing; learn how to identify what products they have; and understand how to evaluate stumpage versus log sales.
Log buyer panel: Participants will understand the role of a log buyer during a timber sale, how to find the right log buyer, what a purchase order includes and the bidding process.

Working with professionals

Consulting forester panel: Participants will understand the role of a consulting forester, including the services a consulting forester may offer and how the forester works with others involved in a timber harvest.
Working with loggers: Participants will understand the role of a logger and how a logger works with the other players involved in a timber sale, including what questions to ask when hiring a logger, contract components and how to identify a logger’s credentials.

Forest practice laws

Participants will learn to identify whether their state has laws or best management practices to protect forest resources; understand those requirements; identify who is able to help them; and determine if a permit or notification is required to administer a harvest.

Taxes and contracts

Participants will understand the essential items to include in contracts with service providers, common contract issues, the different tax liabilities of a landowner after a timber harvest, and the available tax incentives.

Experienced landowner panel

Participants will hear perspectives from landowners who have administered timber harvest operations, including information on planning, setting up and completing a timber sale, as well as tips and lessons learned.

Field trip options

Log-scaling demonstration: Participants will understand how logs are scaled and what type of lumber defects cause net volume deductions at the mill.
Portable sawmill demonstration: Participants will understand portable sawmilling benefits, appropriate log choices for a portable mill, the best way to mill a log, and products that can be made using a portable mill.
Postharvest site conditions field tour: Participants will see an on-the-ground example of what the land and forest looks like immediately after a timber harvest, and discuss how differences in operation, types of sale, time of year, roads and other factors contribute to the way a stand looks after a harvest.
Harvesting and roads demonstration: Participants will understand the different types of equipment and harvesting systems available to cut timber in their area.
Mill tour: Participants will understand how logs are processed at a sawmill and what specific products are provided.

Consider the needs of your local landowners when selecting topics to include in the program. For some areas, it may be appropriate to offer additional topics, such as silviculture and forest inventory. Although topics such as these are not covered in this curriculum, they can be easily added. This program is designed to adapt to the educational needs of your local landowners.

Sample agendas

Your agenda will vary based on how many days your program spans. You may also incorporate short evening seminars on any of the sections covered in this curriculum (such as a standalone program on taxes, a log buyer forum or a portable sawmill demonstration). Adjust your agenda based on local needs.

Evening-only without a field component

5 p.m. Welcome
5:10 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals presentation
6:10 p.m. Break
6:25 p.m. Consulting forester panel
7:10 p.m. Forest practice laws
7:40 p.m. Wrap-up and evaluations
8 p.m. Dismiss

Half-day without a field component

9 a.m. Welcome
9:10 a.m. Timber sale fundamentals presentation
10 a.m. Consulting forester panel
10:45 a.m. Break
11 a.m. Forest practice laws
11:20 a.m. Taxes presentation
12 p.m. Log buyer panel
12:45 Wrap-up and evaluation
1 p.m. Dismiss

One day without a field component

9 a.m. Welcome
9:10 a.m. Timber sale fundamentals presentation
10:25 a.m. Break
10:40 a.m. Local forest markets
11 a.m. Experienced landowner panel
11:45 a.m. Lunch and portable sawmilling discussion/demonstrations
12 p.m. Lunchtime portable sawmill discussion/demonstration 1
12:30 p.m. Lunchtime portable sawmill discussion/demonstration 2
1 p.m. Consulting forester panel
1:45 p.m. Forest practice laws
2:10 p.m. Taxes and contracts presentation
3:10 p.m. Break
3:25 p.m. Log buyer panel
4:10 p.m. Logger panel
4:55 p.m. Wrap-up and evaluations
5:15 p.m. Dismiss

One day with a field component

8:30 a.m. Welcome
8:40 a.m. Timber sale fundamentals
9:30 a.m. Local forest markets
10 a.m. Break
10:15 a.m. Forest practice laws
10:45 a.m. Log buyer panel
11:30 a.m. Lunch and log-scaling demonstrations
11:45 a.m. Lunchtime log-scaling demonstration 1
12:05 p.m. Lunchtime log-scaling demonstration 2
12:30 p.m. Logger panel
1:15 p.m. Taxes and contracts presentation
2:15 p.m. Break
2:30 p.m. Consulting forester panel
3:15 p.m. Experienced landowner panel
4 p.m. Postharvest site conditions field tour (on-site, no travel required)
5:20 p.m. Wrap-up and evaluations
5:30 p.m. Dismiss

Two days with a field component

Day 1
- 5:30 p.m. Welcome
- 5:40 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals presentation
- 7:00 p.m. Break
- 7:15 p.m. Local forest markets
- 7:45 p.m. Experienced landowner panel
- 8:30 p.m. Dismiss
Day 2
- 8:50 a.m. Welcome
- 9 a.m. Consulting forester panel
- 9:45 a.m. Forest practice laws
- 10:15 a.m. Log buyer panel
- 11 a.m. Break
- 11:15 a.m. Taxes and contracts presentation
- 12:15 p.m. Lunch
- 1:15 p.m. Logger panel
- 2 p.m. Field trip (20-minute drive to field trip site)
  Split group into three, rotate between log scaling discussion/demonstration, portable sawmill discussion/presentation, and post-harvest site conditions stops
- 5 p.m. Return to facility
- 5:10 p.m. Wrap-up and evaluations
- 5:30 p.m. Dismiss

Evening-only without a field component

An additional option to consider if time is limited: Host only one panel with one of each representative group on it. Include an experienced landowner, a consultant, a log buyer and a logger. This way there are multiple people on the panel who can speak to multiple topics with varying viewpoints.

5 p.m. Welcome
5:10 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals presentation
6:10 p.m. Break
6:25 p.m. Panel with one member of each panel type (consultant, landowner, log buyer and logger)
7:10 p.m. Forest practice laws
7:40 p.m. Wrap-up and evaluations
8 p.m. Dismiss

Behavior objectives

The primary behavior objectives for landowners after attending a Selling Logs from your Property program include the ability to:

Administer a successful timber harvest operation and timber sale on their forested property where their goals and objectives are met or exceeded.
Select the appropriate harvest method to meet personal goals and objectives.
Perform a forest inventory before planning the harvest operation and use the data to influence species selection and harvest volume.
Follow log markets, interpret market trends, and understand seasonality and timing constraints so they can thoughtfully plan a harvest and maximize profit.
Identify products and potential buyers, and match the correct buyer to the characteristics of the timber.
Determine if they would benefit from a consulting forester for their timber sale. If so, ask appropriate questions so they hire someone who can meet their goals and objectives.
Implement the correct forest practice notification or permit process in accordance with local and state laws.
Ensure that all harvest rules and regulations are followed. These might include stream protection, road maintenance, reforestation, and threatened and endangered species protection.
Secure a written contract with all service providers used during harvesting and the timber sale process (such as consulting foresters, loggers, log buyers, tree planters and herbicide applicators).
File and pay appropriate taxes after harvest.
Find the right logger for both the landowner and the forest.

Supporting resources

Sections in this curriculum provide additional detailed information and guidance for planning the presentations and panels offered at your program.

Host instructor preparation

There are many layers to this program, so we recommend you begin preparation well in advance. Adjust timelines to the needs of your area and partner deadlines. Consider how much lead time a printer needs to produce handouts, or how far out your desired facility is typically scheduled. Other considerations include the size of your mailing list and the overall scope of the program you choose. Below is a timeline of tasks to consider when planning for a Selling Logs from your Property program.

Six months before

Three months before

One month before

Send a reminder email or postcard to local partners, agencies and organizations. Send confirmation emails to speakers, panelists and exhibitors. Include a welcome letter, registration form, presentation description and timeline. For panelists, include a list of potential questions they may be asked. (Exhibitors do not need presentation descriptions.) Tailor welcome letters and registration forms for each individual category. See Appendix.
Put together an evaluation to be completed at the end of the program. See Appendix. Advertise the event on local Extension and partner social media outlets.
Send out press release to local media outlets including newspapers, radio and television. See Outreach.
Submit an article to your local newspaper that provides information landowners should consider when harvesting and selling logs. Conclude the article with an advertisement for your upcoming event. See Outreach.
Ask for volunteers. Identify who will compile participant folder materials; take pictures; register participants; moderate panels; give the welcome speech; set up and maintain the food and beverages; and serve as parking attendants.
Edit the event program to include the schedule, sponsors, exhibitors, and photos and information for speakers and panelists. See Appendix.
Advertise in your newsletter again.
Mail brochures out to your final mailing list. Make sure the brochure arrives at least one week before the early registration deadline.
Order materials such as folders, name tags, folder stickers and publications to include in participant packets.
Confirm any food orders with vendors or caterers.

The week of

The day before

Gather all supplies in a central location at your office. Check the packing list you developed earlier.
Set up the tables, chairs, exhibitor area, registration table, refreshment tables and signage, if the facility allows advance setup.
Exhibitors set up their display items.

The day of

Exhibitors finish setting up their display items.
Volunteers help with parking, registration and refreshments.
Pick up pastries and fruit (unless provided by facility).
Ensure that refreshments are fully stocked at all times.
Write thank you cards during presentations and panels to all volunteers, speakers, panelists, and exhibitors. Have host and planning committee members sign each card.
Set aside a green room for panelists to get acquainted before their panel.
Post any photo release and anti-discrimination signs required by your organization.

The week after

Drop thank you cards in the mail.

Alternative delivery methods

The Selling Logs from your Property program is intended to be presented in person, primarily in an indoor classroom-style setting. The field tour component, while optional, significantly enhances the ability for participants to tie concepts together and observe a real “on-the-ground” area postharvest.

A host could offer the presentation or panel portions of this course in an alternative style, such as prerecorded videos or live-streaming on the Internet. This could benefit landowners who are unable to attend the in-person workshop for various reasons, such as long travel distances. The field portion of this class could also be prerecorded. However, an online setting would severely limit a participant’s ability to ask questions and to participate in the panel discussion and field tour, which are crucial to topic comprehension.

There are no prerequisites or suggested homework required to attend this program, but it could also be offered in a “flipped-classroom” style, where reading, prerecorded presentations or video materials for some of the sections are provided ahead of the in-person training. Sections that can be included in the advance work include timber sale fundamentals, local log markets, taxes and forest practice laws. The panels and field trips should occur in person and include references to the advance work.

While the target audience is primarily inexperienced landowners, those with experience are also encouraged to attend. There are opportunities for growth and learning in any Extension program.

Evaluations and follow-ups

Ask participants to complete an evaluation after they attend the Selling Logs from your Property program. This will help you understand how participants perceived the information, how they plan to use it and how you can improve the program the next time it is offered. See Appendix.

We also recommend mailing a one-year follow-up survey to gauge how participants have used this knowledge and identify whether learning objectives were met. See Appendix.

A follow-up or secondary field tour at a later date could be useful for landowners who want to receive additional exposure to timber harvest operations. Topics can also include on-site conditions before, during and after a harvest, and personal accounts from landowners who have harvested and sold timber off their property.

Timber sale fundamentals

Time considerations

Allow 45–75 minutes for this presentation.

Learning objectives

Participants should be able to:

Understand the steps involved in a timber sale.
Describe factors affecting the economic viability of the harvesting operation.
Identify the different types of timber sales.
Describe what makes a “good road” for harvesting.
Explain how to prioritize road maintenance.

Background information

Planning your forest management

Forest landowners have a variety of goals for their property. Landowners may want to produce timber, create wildlife habitat, restore natural forests, provide recreation, or a mixture of these things. These goals do not have to be mutually exclusive, and you might find that certain parts of a property, or units, may be more suitable for one goal over another. For example, some units may offer better growing conditions, better access and higher quality trees for timber production. Other units containing trees of poor quality and difficult access might be better suited for wildlife habitat.

Of course, each management decision has trade-offs, but a plan can help landowners prioritize their most important goals. A management plan that includes vegetation and road access maps serves as a primary tool to start planning harvest activities. This will help the landowner answer:

In what sequence am I going to harvest over the years?
At what time of the year is it economically and operationally viable to harvest timber?
Do heavy equipment and trucks have access to the timber?
Do I have clearly defined property lines?
Do I need to have an easement in place to haul timber?

Economic viability

A timber harvest’s economic viability depends on several factors:

Factors inherent to the stand, such as topography and access.
Time of year.
Log markets.
Logging costs.
Distance to the mill.

Landowners who understand these factors can make the best decisions for their specific situations. The landowner should be aware that low-volume operations might pay only for the logging cost — sometimes not even that — and that the size and quality of the logs will determine productivity and price paid at the mill. Expectations need to be aligned with the quantity and quality of timber extracted. Low volume, small trees and low-quality timber operations are not moneymakers. However, a thinning project should be considered an investment when the goal is to harvest larger and higher-quality trees in the future or to change species composition and stand density to make a forest more resilient to insects, disease or climate change.

Topography determines the productivity and equipment to be used. Generally, the steeper the unit, the more expensive the logging operation will be. Log markets determine the log prices, but landowners need to weigh timing against the need for road improvement and the possibility of placing aggregate on the road surface. For example, log prices tend to increase when access on dirt roads is limited. Another consideration is the distance to the mill, since transportation can cost up to 30% of the entire logging operation.

Steps in a timber sale

A timber sale can be divided into several steps. For the inexperienced, following these steps in order may help make the process flow more easily. More experienced landowners may complete some of these steps simultaneously.

Step 1: Permitting

The first step is to determine if the state forestry agency requires a notification or a permit prior to selling timber or operating equipment in the forest. For example, landowners in Oregon can submit notifications and describe the details of their operations on the Oregon Department of Forestry website.

Step 2: Trees and boundaries

The second step is for the landowner to verify property boundary lines and trees available for harvest. If in doubt, hire a licensed surveyor to define the legal boundaries of the property and communicate with neighbors about any possible disputes, such as trees on the boundary line. Roads and fences are not always the legal boundaries. If the harvest unit needs to be accessed from a neighbor’s road, the landowner should have a written road use agreement, or easement, stating the legal description, duration of use, stipulations for use, insurance, method of payment and timeline for repairs. Take pictures of the road before the logging operation in the event of any future disputes about logging impacts. A verbal agreement is not always legally enforceable.

Step 3: Volume and products

The third step is for the landowner to obtain an estimate of the volume and products to be harvested from the forest unit. This information allows the landowner to better market the timber, communicate accurately with a logger or log buyer, and assess the operation’s economics. Determine volume and products through a professional timber cruise. The landowner will then decide the type of sale. Each option presents trade-offs. (See timber sales fundamentals presentation.)

Types of sales

Stumpage sale: the amount a contractor pays the landowner for standing timber. Payment is based on the logs as they are delivered to the mill and measured by the log scalers.
Lump-sum sale: the amount of money paid for a stand of timber regardless of how much volume is removed. This type of sale requires a timber cruise to appraise the value of the timber.
Mill or scale-out sale: The amount a buyer pays the landowner for scaled cut logs delivered to the mill.

After determining the type of timber sale, the landowner needs to accomplish a few more tasks before soliciting bids:

Locate and mark unit boundaries.
Conduct a timber cruise.
Mark trees to be removed if the operation involves a partial cut.
Obtain necessary easements.
Obtain maps with roads access to the harvest unit(s).
Assess the need for road improvements.

Step 4: Solicit bids

The landowner or their consultant should contact multiple log buyers, if possible, for each species and grade of logs, in order to compare price information. Landowners can find log buyer contact information by searching a local forest industry directory or log buyer list. Landowners will need to provide species and approximate volume (if not at least acreage) information and invite the log buyer to provide an on-site bid.

When choosing log buyers, look for those with product lines that best match the timber on the property. Buyers will pay more for logs that give them the best value for the type of product they manufacture. Weigh transportation costs in relation to the price offered for the product. If the landowner plans to conduct timber sales regularly, it is good to build a working relationship with log buyers.

Once a log buyer is chosen, the buyer will enter into an agreement with the landowner called a purchase order. The landowner must understand the purchase order, which will describe the log specifications and prices paid for delivered logs. The pay structure is listed on a gross scale, but the landowner is paid for the net volume after the deductions for defect are taken at the mill.

Step 5: Find a logger

Good loggers are busy and sometimes booked six months to a year in advance. Additionally, most people decide to log in summer because of better access to harvest units, so loggers are often busiest that time of year. Keep this in mind when planning the timeline for a timber sale.

As with log buyers, a landowner should contact at least three loggers and ask them to visit the unit ahead of time. Ask for references, previous work, current insurance and if they work with a contract. (Most do.) Ask them for bids and talk to them about your objectives for the harvest unit. The cheapest bid is not always the best, so the landowner should try to work with the logger who best aligns with their objectives.

Step 6: Monitor

The final steps are to monitor the operation as the logger makes progress. Give them feedback early and often if there is something the landowner wants done differently or corrected. Things to monitor during the operation include:

Residual tree damage, if thinning.
Road conditions.
Slash disposal or piling, if in the contract.
That all trees that were agreed to be harvested are removed.
That logs have been yarded to the landing.
That logs cut or bucked meet mill specifications.
That the operation complies with state Forest Practices Act or best management practices, where applicable.

Once the job is done and the logger has moved out, it is too late to make changes and difficult to take remedial actions if something is omitted or not completed.

Contracts

Without a written contract, landowners could face misunderstandings, costly and time-consuming negotiations, and the possibility of court battles. Some of the key components that should be included in the contract are bid details (set-up cost, trucking, slash treatment, etc.), how the contractor is being paid ($/thousand board feet (MBF), percent, full job, or other), the payment schedule, time of completion, acceptable residual damage for thinning projects, and any other special requests. The landowner should not make assumptions on what is included in the price. Get it in writing. Additional jobs, such as replanting, are generally not included in a logging bid. The logger might perform road repair, but the landowner usually needs to pay for the materials. A landowner can specify in the contract that the logger is to be responsible for re-grading the road, fixing ruts or applying rock.

Markets

It’s important to study market fluctuations. But large companies can heavily influence markets, so woodland owners are often subject to current market prices with little flexibility. In general, the trend is for prices to peak in early spring and drop in summer. But foreign policy, tariffs and other external factors can change the usual course of prices. For example, local mills might want to stock up before fire season, but may acquire too much inventory, which can lower timber prices. Prices fluctuate frequently, so landowners should communicate with their log buyer at harvest time to update their purchase order to reflect the most accurate price. Your purchase order will be valid for the agreed-upon price for a fixed period of time — usually one or two months.

Forest practice laws and expectations

Landowners need to be reminded of state forest practice rules and best management practices (where applicable) that apply to harvesting in regard to:

Lastly, if the landowner is harvesting for the first time, it is worthwhile to visit another property that has been recently harvested. This allows the landowner to observe the change in the landscape, slash, stumps and roads. Landowners should manage expectations. Access; topography; and the species, size and quality of their trees have a great impact on the economics of a timber harvest operation.

Forest roads

Forest roads provide access for forest management, timber extraction, fire protection, development and many other activities. Roads are a capital investment for a property, since they increase value and are expensive to build and maintain. Roads pose environmental implications to aquatic life, water and habitat for other species. Because of this, they require due diligence by the owner, especially during winter harvest operations.

Timber markets are usually better in the wet season, so many landowners might want to invest in durable material to surface their roads and access timber during that time. However, installing durable road surfaces is expensive. Landowners need to be reminded that low-volume operations will not likely pay for a large section of road surfacing unless the road is considered an investment and gives access to more acres where future harvesting may occur. A management plan will benefit you in this situation.

Road subgrade is the foundation for a successful road surface. If the subgrade is weak, the road will be expensive to maintain and not fully functional. If the subgrade is soft, the aggregate on top will be pushed down and sink into the subgrade with traffic. If more aggregate is added, it will just keep going down, and it will never be a strong and functional road. Dirt and aggregate roads have their own pros and cons. The landowner should decide the best option for the site based on planned road use, maintenance, access and cost, among other considerations.

Aggregate is classified as crushed rock. Gravel comes from river valley floors. The main difference between aggregate and gravel is that gravel has rounded edges despite being crushed and processed, and aggregate has sharp edges. Aggregate is recommended over gravel because its particles can interlock, which allows for effective compaction, creating a strong and stable surface.

Aggregate increases in price as particle size decreases. Larger particles are usually used as a base course, since they allow good water drainage, keeping the upper course drier. Good gradation is key to adequate compaction and particle binding. Smaller rock such as 3-inch minus is used as a surface course, which allows good drainage but can be harsh on tires; it is not ideal for traction. For this reason, even smaller rock, 1½-inch or 1-inch minus, is used on steeper grades, curves or where less vehicle traffic is expected. Small rock is more expensive but greatly increases traction and compacts well. When more fines are present in the aggregate, it is difficult to achieve adequate compaction, maintain drainage structures and minimize dust.

Roads must be able to provide adequate drainage. This helps maintain accessibility, decrease maintenance costs and protects water resources. Good roads divert water quickly. There are several ways to accomplish this:

Aim for a minimum surface grade of 4%–6%.
Use and maintain side ditches, culverts, water bars, broad-based dips and rolling grades to divert water off the road, where appropriate.
For wet spots in clay soils, consider using geosynthetics or geogrids.
For stream crossings, use culverts, fords and bridges where appropriate; be aware of any special consultation or permits required.

Maintenance is key to protecting the road investment and avoiding large expenses due to catastrophic failure. Water has the greatest potential to damage the road and is a liability during a timber harvest.

Wet weather conditions impose some specific requirements on harvesting and hauling timber. Adequately sized aggregate surfacing is necessary for vehicle traction, accessibility and reducing sediment production. The landowner should have some criteria to stop hauling — for example, 1 inch of precipitation in 24 hours — if the road conditions are not conducive to a satisfactory operation, especially if the road freezes and then thaws.

Additional information

Preparation

This topic is most effectively conveyed through a lecture with accompanying presentation slides (such as PowerPoint). You will need:

Projector.
Screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.
Microphone; consider a hands-free option such as a headset or clip-on.
Speakers.

See the sample presentation. Edit the presentation, including references and photos, to reflect local needs.

Procedure

This is a lecture-style presentation.

Materials

Provide each participant:

A copy of the presentation slides.
Any associated handouts.
List of local log buyers, forestry consultants and logging contractors.

Consider providing these visual tools:

Scribner log model: this three-dimensional model shows the boards that can be made from the cross-section of a log.
Road aggregate and geotextile samples.

Local forest markets

These two sections on local forest markets cover the marketing presentation and the log buyer panel. Marketing forest products is a complex and sometimes confusing process for both beginners and experienced woodland owners. This section will cover the importance of conducting a forest inventory, tips for understanding the market and market timing, how to identify what timber products come from local forests, and how to identify potential buyers.

Section 1: Timber marketing overview

Time considerations

Provide 30–45 minutes for this presentation.

Learning objectives

Identify the value of a forest inventory and what information to collect for your type of sale.
Distinguish the diversity of forest product lines available in your area.
Recognize basic marketing concepts and trends applicable to woodland owners and managers.
Evaluate stumpage sales versus log sales.

Background information

Marketing is the art and science of selling timber at a price as close to its true market value as possible. Effective marketing is one of the most valuable tools a landowner has for selling timber and maximizing profit.

Timber marketing success relies on a good understanding of local timber products, a good estimate of what a landowner has for sale, an understanding of seasonal market fluctuations and trends, and competition between buyers for the products. Timber is a valuable forest product, so it pays to research each of these concepts. While current prices are published for most widely traded commodities, only past pricing is available for timber. This is because of the variation in species and products. With the exception of high-value export logs, prices are typically determined by local timber buyers and the demand for lumber products at that time.

Landowners should present themselves as informed sellers. If a landowner is unsure how to market timber, it’s a good idea to hire a consultant forester with merchandising experience. Many landowners view the services of a consulting forester as an unnecessary expense. However, research demonstrates that landowners who use a forestry consultant to manage their timber sale can make up to 20 percent more money than those landowners who did not use a consultant.

It is ill advised to rush into a timber sale without knowing current log values and how they fit into seasonal trends. While planning a timber sale, investigate the market’s strengths and weaknesses. Contact local log buyers, a consulting forester or a local Extension agent to learn prices and what species are in demand. These prices change rapidly, and repeat calls may be necessary to keep up with fluctuations. The general strength of a timber market does not necessarily correlate with the strength of markets for specific species or products. For example, sawlogs may be in demand with high prices while the chip market is in a surplus and offering low prices. These disparities between general and specific market conditions can complicate marketing activities. But they also provide tremendous opportunity for woodland owners willing to invest the time and resources to know what they have, what products they could produce, and which products different market segments are willing to purchase.

Knowing when to harvest timber is always difficult. Unfortunately, there is no formula for making it easier. Woodland owners should consider current prices, whether prices are rising or falling, the growth potential of the trees, and the ability and need to make an income. The wet season — in early to mid-spring — is often the best time economically to sell logs and timber. However, this is often the hardest time to access the trees. Depending on how much timber there is to sell, making the investment to rock roads and use year-round logging systems may help the woodland owner capitalize on stronger markets.

Today, most log mills can use only specific log sizes and species needed to manufacture the specific wood products they sell. Landowners should look for mills whose log requirements match the characteristics of the logs they plan to sell. Not all species, sizes and qualities of logs will be used by any given mill. This may require you to sell logs to more than one purchaser to get the maximum value. This uneven use of products can create price differentials among species and qualities of logs. Additionally, there are numerous categories of defects that reduce a log’s value to the mill. These include decay, knots, separations between the growth rings, insect damage, crook and sweep in the log, and a host of other factors.

A timber cruise offers a simple way to estimate the volume of wood and identify the product types and tree quality. This is likely best conducted by a professional forester with the training and experience to designate product types of standing trees. A comprehensive cruise helps landowners match what they have with the right mill, sort yard or product line to receive premium prices for their logs.

After identifying which trees to harvest, extrapolate the volume and approximate quality by species from the cruise. The volume data, along with price estimates from local log buyers, can be used to calculate a possible range in fair market value. A professional forester, if consulting on the job, should provide this estimate. Use it only as a guide to evaluate purchase offers or bids.

The goal of a good marketing strategy is to diversify products to extract the highest value within the harvesting time frame. Having a written plan does not ensure success, but it helps landowners focus their energy on harvesting the logs that are currently at the peak of the market. When all log sorts (species, size and quality) are mixed together, the revenue potential may be decreased. However, there are some cases when it is possible that sorting and selling to multiple buyers will generate less revenue than selling all logs to one buyer. This is due to additional logging and hauling costs, the need for larger landings and the possible cost of logs being shipped to the wrong mill.

Selling to a sort yard or selling as a stumpage sale can be an alternative to merchandising to multiple buyers. Each type of sale has pros and cons, and significantly affects the extent to which the selling and harvesting process needs to be structured and managed. If a landowner is selling to multiple buyers, a professional forester or skilled landowner can divide the logs to be sold into product classes at the landing based on the specifications for the logs going to each mill.

When landowners sell trees or logs, they enter a competitive market aiming to earn the best possible price. If in need of cash, landowners may be tempted to accept the first offer from a log buyer and not seek additional bids. This rarely results in the best deal for the landowner. Likewise, when a landowner receives multiple offers, it may seem appropriate to accept the highest bid. But a high price does not automatically result in high profit. When evaluating offers, consider not only the price, but also how the distance to the mill will affect hauling costs, and any special requirements of the bidder that may be difficult to achieve, such as a unique log manufacturing specification.

Buying and selling timber is a business transaction and a critical step in implementing management specified in your management plan. Profitable and successful timber harvests can boost the confidence of landowners in their ability to earn income from their forestlands.

Additional information

For a complete understanding of log grades, study a copy of the official grading rules from the log scaling and grading bureau that operates in your region.

Preparation

This topic is most effectively conveyed through a lecture with accompanying presentation slides, such as PowerPoint. You will need:

Projector.
Screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.
Microphone; consider a hands-free option such as a headset or clip-on.
Speakers.

See the sample presentation. Edit the presentation, including references and photos, to reflect local needs.

Procedure

This is a lecture-style presentation.

Optional activity

In-class activity to break up the lecture portion. Oregon State University Extension offers a series of spreadsheets with accompanying instructions called the Scribner Volume and Value Tables: Bucking for Maximum Revenue, EM 9090. The spreadsheets are available in Microsoft Excel format. These tables can help landowners compare offers from up to four different log buyers. Users insert the dollar values per thousand board feet along with the log specifications shown on a purchase order. The spreadsheet converts the volume to a dollar value, making it much easier for woodland owners to determine which mill will return the highest revenue based on the dimensions of their trees.

During the presentation, supply sample information to the audience, including example purchase orders and a timber cruise of a local property. In small groups, ask landowners to evaluate the bids from each mill, taking into consideration pricing, hauling distance, and products requested vs. products in the cruise. When going over the material, use the workbook to provide a live tutorial on how to enter the data in the spreadsheets. Encourage landowners to familiarize themselves with the spreadsheets and use them at home.

Materials

Provide each participant with:

A copy of the presentation slides.
Any associated handouts.
List of local log buyers, forestry consultants, and logging contractors.

Section 2: Log buyer panel

Time considerations

Allow 45–60 minutes.

Learning objectives

Understand the role of the log buyer in a log or stumpage sale.
Identify local log buyers for timber products.
Identify the specifications of the products local mills are seeking.

Background information

Log buyers purchase logs on behalf of a mill or sort yard. Log buyers are the most direct sources of current information about prices, and they can best articulate the requirements of their respective facilities. For this reason, understanding log buyers’ needs in your area is the foundation of log marketing.

Log characteristics influence the buyer’s price. The better the log matches the buyer’s product line, the better the price. However, high demand and low inventory can sometimes soften the mill’s requirements, and vice versa. Landowners can engage a log buyer in the timber-selling process as soon as they determine what trees they plan to sell.

Staying in communication with the log buyers about current pricing and inventory will give the landowner a leg up in watching how pricing changes over time. If possible, landowners should invite at least three local log buyers for a visit to their property. If available, show them the timber cruise report. Log buyers can quickly determine whether the trees will satisfy their mill or sort yard’s requirements.

If a log buyer is going to purchase the timber, they will assign a purchase order. A purchase order is a written contract offered by a log buyer to a woodland owner for the purchase of logs. The contract lists various price categories, which are typically good for 30 days. Types of purchase orders include:

Camp run: A camp run offer is a single price per species for all merchantable material. (Culled logs or portions of logs are typically not included in the camp run offer.) This is a popular purchase order for woodland owners because it removes the complications of cutting and sorting each log for a different mill, but they sacrifice potential value to be gained from optimized bucking and merchandising.
Grade basis: Few logs are purchased on a grade basis today. However, large-diameter, high-quality logs might warrant a purchase order by grade. When marketing logs by grade, it is imperative to understand log grade rules. For example, if a log meets the diameter requirements of a particular grade, but fails to satisfy the surface characteristics requirement (knot size), its value will be docked substantially. Local log scaling and grading bureaus sell copies of the official rules at their offices.
Price breaks by log length and diameter: Aside from camp run, most woodland owners sell their logs based on species, length and diameter breaks, or a combination of all three. The diameter and length breaks typically vary by mill, species and product type. The minimum merchantable small-end diameter for a sawlog is sometimes down to 5 inches. However, some fiber and stud mills accept down to 3 inches or less.
Weight basis: Hardwoods and conifers also can be sold on a weight basis (dollars per ton). Generally, as diameters increase, selling by weight becomes less attractive.

The majority of sawlogs are sold on a per thousand board feet, or MBF, basis, but small-diameter sawlogs (chip and saw) and chips are often sold by weight.

Additional information

Selling Timber and Logs, EC 1587

Preparation

Invite three to five log buyers from the area to sit on the log buyer panel. It’s recommended they each purchase different log sorts, so participants can get an accurate snapshot of local options. Keep in mind that the larger the panel, the more time you will need to allow for the session.

Edit the presentation slides to reflect local markets and products.

If possible, make a list of local mills and sort yards with the specifications of what they buy along with log buyer contact information.

Prepare extra panel questions that are appropriate for your area in case there aren’t enough questions from the audience to fill the time. See the example questions.

Provide the following equipment for the panel:

Microphone: Provide one for each panelist if possible.
A portable microphone for audience questions. If not available, have moderator repeat questions into microphone.
Speakers.
Provide the following materials if a panelist wants to show photos during the panel:
Projector and screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer or laser pointer.

Procedure

Background presentation

Give a short presentation, no more than 10–15 minutes, on what a log buyer does, when you should contact one, and how to work with a log buyer. This could range from sharing the definition of a log buyer and moving right into discussion with the panel, or it could be a more detailed presentation covering the previously listed topics. See the example presentation.

Example definition of a log buyer: Log buyers are the individuals who purchase your logs on behalf of a mill or sort yard. Log buyers are the most direct sources of current information about prices, and they can best articulate the requirements of their respective facilities.

Panel directions

Inform workshop participants that the panel will begin with introductions and a couple of questions. After these questions, open the floor for questions from the audience. Use a moderator to ensure that a variety of participants get to ask questions, that both questions and answers remain relevant to the topic of buying and selling logs, and to keep the session moving smoothly.

Optional activity A

Ask participants to think of questions for log buyers and write them on an index card. Collect the cards periodically to be read by the moderator. If you have a shy audience, this may increase the number of questions asked. Remind participants that questions to log buyers should stay on theme to reflect their role in the timber sale process.

Optional activity B

If portable sawmilling is a viable option in your area, consider inviting a portable sawmill owner/operator to sit on your panel. This may be in addition to inviting them to provide a separate demonstration during an optional field tour.

Optional questions to prompt the panel

Suggested introductory question: Tell us a little bit about yourself, the company you work for, what types of logs you buy, what region you work in, etc.
What services do you provide to landowners?
When in the process should a landowner interested in selling their trees contact you?
What information should the landowner have when calling you to ask about prices?
What are the main log quality features you consider when providing a bid (species, size, knots, sweep, other defects)?
How does defect change the value of the timber you buy?
Will you visit a landowner’s property to see the logs before the operation?
How will a landowner know that you have officially purchased their logs?
Is there a minimum volume of timber you generally look to purchase at one time?

Materials

Each participant should be provided with:

A copy of the presentation slides.
Any associated handouts.
List of local log buyers. Include local artisans and portable sawmill operators, if appropriate for your region.

Working with professionals

These two sections address working with professionals: the consulting forester and logger panels. Choosing the right professionals to work with can be a complex and daunting task for landowners new to selling timber. Information in this session will help landowners understand the roles of the consultant and logger during the sale, learn how to find the right service provider for their objectives, and know what to consider when signing the contract.

Section 1: Consulting forester panel

Time considerations

Allow 45–60 minutes.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to:

Understand the role of consulting foresters and how they work with everyone involved in a timber harvest.
List three benefits from working with a consulting forester on a timber sale.
Recognize that a log buyer cannot serve as a landowner’s consulting forester, due to a conflict of interest.
Recognize that professional forestry associations can help landowners reach their forest management goals.
Understand how to find the right consulting forester, know what questions to ask when hiring a consulting forester, and identify credentials.

Background information

A variety of professionals can help make sure a landowner’s timber sale meets expectations, both fiscally and on the site. Some landowners are reluctant to undertake any kind of forest treatment out of concern for damaging their forest. The effects of timber harvests and other forest management activities can be long lasting, so it is appropriate to perform adequate research and make thoughtful decisions when looking for professional assistance.

What is a forester?

Idaho, Oregon and Washington currently do not have any laws requiring forester licensing or registration. Within the forestry community, the most commonly accepted basic definition of a forester is a professional engaged in the science and profession of forestry who has completed at least Bachelor of Science (a four-year degree) in forestry from a college program accredited by the Society of American Foresters.

California is the only state in the West that requires a license to practice forestry. Licensed foresters carry the title Registered Professional Forester, and they perform professional services that require application of forestry principles and techniques to management of forested landscapes. To become an RPF, foresters must complete multiple years of training and pass a comprehensive examination.

State forestry agencies

In addition to managing state forests, some state forestry agencies employ foresters who provide limited technical assistance to help landowners maintain and enhance their forest properties. These agencies also employ foresters who inspect logging and other forest operations for compliance with state laws pertaining to forests (“forest practice laws”), which delineate standards for logging, road building, reforestation, streamside protection and other forest practices. Even experienced landowners should consider touching base with state forestry agencies before conducting a timber sale, especially if the harvest will occur on or near a stream of any size.

Industry foresters

Forest product companies also employ foresters who regularly interact with private landowners while procuring logs. Many industry foresters provide management recommendations as part of those discussions. Most mills want to cultivate positive long-term relationships with landowners, so their foresters usually give sound advice. But these foresters ultimately work for the timber company, not for the private landowner.

Forestry consultant or consulting forester?

Consulting foresters are professionals who provide management services to forest landowners and others for a fee. The terms “forestry consultant” and “consulting forester” are often used interchangeably. Some professionals who offer services to forest landowners — wildlife consultants and forestry technicians, for example — do not necessarily meet the definition of a consulting forester. Some consulting firms also employ forestry technicians, who often have a two-year degree (commonly called an associate’s degree) in forestry or a related natural resource area.

Consulting foresters

Forest landowners’ decisions are aided greatly by assistance from professional consulting foresters. Forestry assistance from public agencies is often limited. For example, in locations where sufficient numbers of consulting foresters work, state forestry agencies may focus their management planning assistance primarily on smaller acreage landowners. If you want a professional who can be your legal representative for a timber sale or want more comprehensive individualized services, consider contacting a consulting forester.

What can consultants do for family forest owners?

Consulting foresters offer many services, but they are particularly helpful when harvesting timber. Most forest landowners only sell timber once or twice in their lives, and a harvest can significantly improve or damage forest health and other values.

It can be complicated to assess, but at least one study of private timber sales has found that sales involving a consulting forester resulted in higher log prices for the landowner, compared to working without a consultant. Consultants accomplish this by having a good understanding of the demand of local timber products, knowledge of fluctuations in price, and by setting up timber sales on sealed bid, where appropriate. In addition to higher prices, consulting foresters may also improve a landowner’s income from a timber sale by:

Cruising the timber, laying out the timber sale and marking the trees.
Helping landowners identify the best logging contractor for the type of harvest being planned, at a reasonable price.
Increasing the number of buyers on a sale to maximize revenue and increase completion.
Supervising a logging job so that logs are manufactured and hauled in ways to maximize revenue to the landowner.
Pointing out potential income tax implications of timber sales and referring clients to qualified tax professionals.

Other benefits —maybe the most important benefits — of working with a consulting forester may include improved forest health and growth after the harvest and increased landowner satisfaction with the job.

In addition to timber sale preparation and administration, consultants can provide many other services. For example, consulting foresters often prepare forest management plans for landowners. Even when landowners write their own forest management plans, some agencies and organizations require that plans meet the approval of a professional forester. Other possible services of consulting foresters include:

Reforestation and afforestation (including site preparation, tree planting and vegetation management).
Precommercial thinning, pruning or other forest improvements.
Forest stand examinations and inventory (timber cruises).
Timber appraisals.
Counsel on forest tax issues (although some of these questions may be best answered by an accountant).
Property boundary maintenance (often subcontracted to a certified surveyor).
Geospatial services such as geographic information system analysis and mapping or remote sensing.
Support for estate and landowner succession planning.
Administration of leases for recreation or grazing.
Site analysis.
Legal support, such as serving as an expert witness.
Wildlife habitat assessment and improvement.
Timber theft assessment.
Economic analyses.
Forest insect and disease assessment and treatment.
Noxious weed assessment and treatment.
Forest land acquisition or sale.
Recreational improvements such as trails.

A landowner can arrange for the consultant to perform all or part of these tasks.

Consultant credentials

In addition to college degrees and experience, look for a consultant’s active membership in professional organizations and related certification programs. These programs typically require continuing education and following a code of ethics.

Examples include:

The Association of Consulting Foresters: The national professional association of consulting foresters. To confirm whether a forester is a current member, visit their website.
Society of American Foresters: The national association of forestry professionals. To confirm if a forester is a current member of SAF, or whether a given college or university has been accredited by SAF, visit their website.
Certified Forester: A voluntary certification administered by the Society of American Foresters. For more information, visit their website and click on “certification and education.”

Foresters are trained to work with a variety of forest objectives, but are usually strongest when it comes to managing trees and other forest vegetation. If landowners have a strong interest in managing wildlife, rangelands or other natural resources, they should consider contacting a professional trained in that natural resource discipline. Some consulting firms employ people with expertise in these areas, or they may know of experts who could provide additional assistance. Regardless, check for related credentials, such as those from The Wildlife Society or the Society for Range Management, and check that the credentials are current.

Making a choice

Active professional association membership or certification does not guarantee that an individual forester will be the best fit for a landowner’s needs. Professional foresters without professional association credentials may still be capable.

Ask prospective foresters about their experience in working with forests similar to the landowner’s, particularly if there are unique forest management issues such as rare animals or plants. Landowners should also ask questions that assess how responsive a consultant will be to the landowner’s forestland values and goals, and whether they will offer alternatives for addressing those forest management goals.

Check the consultant’s references — preferably the last three clients the consultant worked with. Public agency foresters and other landowners might be able to weigh in about a consultant’s work.

One of the best ways to learn about forestry assistance is to ask other landowners about their experiences. Forest owner associations or state Tree Farm programs are a great resource for this. Many consulting foresters maintain websites with additional useful information.

Conflicts of interest

A consulting forester represents the best interests of the landowner who employs them and helps that landowner achieve their forest management goals. Regardless of how they are employed, any forester is ethically obligated to clearly disclose any real or potential conflicts of interest. If someone is working for a lumber company or buying logs from a landowner, they are not the landowner’s consulting forester.

How are consultants paid?

Consulting forester fees vary with the service provided and are based on many factors. They may charge depending on the number of acres served, an hourly rate, or a percentage of a timber sale revenue based on the net return, or per thousand board feet. These are the most common arrangements.

Obtain a written contract. Contracts should clearly identify the expectations of both the landowner and the consultant, outline the work to be done, and clearly describe how fees will be assessed.

Additional information

Choosing the Right Service Provider for your Family Forest: Consulting Forester, EM 9241
Working with a Professional Forester. CIS 1226. University of Idaho Extension, Moscow, ID.

Preparation

Invite three or more consulting foresters from the area to sit on the consulting forester panel. Keep in mind that the larger the panel, the longer you will need to allow for the session.

If possible, make a list of local consulting foresters that includes the areas they work in and the types of services they provide.

Prepare some extra panel questions that are appropriate for your area in case there aren’t enough questions from the audience to fill the time. See the example questions.

Provide the following equipment for the panel:

Microphone: one for each panelist if possible.
A portable microphone for audience questions. If not available, have moderator repeat questions into microphone.
Speakers.

Provide the following materials if a panelist wants to show photos during the panel:

Projector and screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.

Procedure

Background presentation

Give a short description, no more than five minutes, on what constitutes a consulting forester, when you should contact one, and how to work with the consultant.

Example description of a consulting forester: A consulting forester is someone who provides forest management services to landowners. They also market forest products, such as logs and poles, for private landowners. They are available to make forest management recommendations over both short and long periods of time.

Guidance may include estate planning; insect and disease control; management planning; timber sale administration; and reforestation activities such as spraying and planting.

As professional consultants, their job is to represent your best interests while working for you and evaluate your forest with your goals and objectives in mind.

Panel directions

Inform workshop participants that the panel will begin with introductions and a couple of questions. After these questions are answered, the floor will be open for questions from the audience. Use a moderator to keep the session moving smoothly and ensure that a variety of participants get to ask questions, and that both questions and answers remain relevant to the topic of buying and selling logs.

Optional activity

Ask participants to think of questions they have for consulting foresters and write them on index cards. Collect the cards periodically to be read by the moderator. If you have a shy audience, this may increase the number of questions asked. Remind participants that questions to consulting foresters should stay on theme to reflect their role in the timber sale process.

Optional questions to prompt the panel

Suggested introductory question: Tell us a little bit about your company, what services you provide to landowners, what region you work in, etc.
What is your role in the timber harvest?
What services do you provide to the landowner that they cannot achieve themselves?
How do you get paid?
Do you use a contract with your clients?
What qualifications should I look for when hiring a consulting forester?

Materials

Provide each participant with:

Relevant handouts.
Access to professional association brochures and member lists.
A list of local forestry consultants.

Section 2: Working with loggers

Time considerations

Allow 45–60 minutes.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to:

Understand the role of a logger and how loggers work with everyone involved in a timber harvest.
Recognize that a logger should not serve as a landowner’s consulting forester, due to a conflict of interest.
Recognize that professional logger associations can help landowners find qualified loggers.
Understand how to find the right logger, know what questions to ask when hiring a logger, understand contract components and identify credentials.

Background information

Today’s professional logging operator or contractor provides the on-the-ground operations that help landowners achieve desired harvest or management treatments for their forests. Selecting a qualified logger to perform the timber sale is one of the most important decisions the landowner will make. Most loggers conduct business under a strong tradition of land stewardship and strive to meet the needs of the landowner while using innovation and technology.

There are thousands of full- and part-time loggers in the West, but how do landowners know they are choosing the right one?

Landowners who are in a hurry to sell timber may hire the first logger they speak to. This is not advised. The best loggers have all the work they need and do not need to advertise or knock on doors. This presents a quandary: How do you identify better loggers when you’re not “in the loop”? Working with a reputable consulting forester is a great way to choose and supervise a logging firm. But how do you choose a logger if you are setting up a job without the help of a consultant?

There are no formal licensing programs for loggers as there are with other field contractors such as pesticide applicators. However, in an effort to raise the standards for forestry on private lands, there has been growing support among loggers for credentials. That support has been expressed primarily in logger accreditation programs. Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Montana and Arizona have logger accreditation programs. These programs recognize logging companies that meet the responsible forest management standards set by the American Loggers Council. These programs offer lists of local loggers who are committed enough to the profession to complete continuing education.

Getting references from other landowners or forestry professionals is a great way to identify reputable loggers. Consultants, log buyers and other landowners are usually quick to identify logging contractors who have a good reputation. In the absence of a recommendation, ask loggers to provide references. It is a reasonable request to ask a logger to bring a landowner to a recent job site to see if the landowner likes their work.

Logging mistakes can be irreversible. Make sure the logging contractor has the right equipment and experience to achieve the goals of the landowner. Some loggers only work on regeneration harvests, while others specialize in thinning or stand improvements. Many logging companies do not just cut trees. Many also perform road improvements and contract trucking, clean up slash, and hire planting and site-preparation crews.

Encourage landowners to invite loggers to their property to make sure they understand the job and can have the best information to offer a bid. If the landowner is planning a thinning operation or partial harvest, it is best to have the trees marked before the logger looks at the property. Landowners are encouraged to solicit bids from at least three loggers. The bid should specify what work is included, and the landowner should ask if additional activities, such as slash piling, have an additional cost.

When working with a logger, it is imperative to use a contract. The contract should stipulate the responsibilities of both the landowner and the logger and how the logger will be paid (usually either by a percentage or dollar-per-unit basis). Ask the logger to add you as an additional insured on their coverage before work starts. Ask to see the insurance certificate before signing a contract. Good loggers will have sufficient insurance coverage for property damage and liability.

Additional information

Choosing the Right Service Provider for Your Family Forest: Logging Contractor, EM 9170.

Preparation

Invite three loggers from the area to sit on the logger panel. Keep in mind that the larger the panel, the more time you will need to allow.

If possible, make a list of local loggers that includes the areas they work and the types of services they provide.

Prepare extra panel questions that are appropriate for your area in case there aren’t enough questions from the audience to fill the time. See example questions.

Provide the following equipment for the panel:

Microphone: one for each panelist, if possible.
A portable microphone for audience questions. If not available, have moderator repeat questions into microphone.
Speakers

Provide the following materials if a panelist wants to show photos during the panel:

Projector and screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.

Procedure

Background presentation

Give a short description — no more than five minutes — defining a logger, when you should contact one, and how to work with a logger.

Example description of a logger: A logger is a professional contractor who provides the actual on-the-ground operations. Although loggers are best known for expertise in cutting timber and delivering it to the mill, many also build forest roads, manage slash and more.

Panel directions

Inform workshop participants that the panel will begin with introductions and a couple of questions. After these questions are answered, the floor will be open for questions from the audience. Use a moderator to keep the session moving smoothly; ensure that a variety of participants get to ask questions; and that both questions and answers remain relevant to the topic of buying and selling logs.

Optional activity

Ask participants to think of questions for loggers and write them on an index card. Collect the cards periodically to be read by the moderator. If you have a shy audience this may increase the number of questions. Remind participants that questions to loggers should stay on theme to reflect their role in the timber sale process.

Optional questions to prompt the panel

Suggested introductory question: Tell us a little bit about yourself, your equipment, and the types of clients you work for (private landowners, industry, state, etc.). When in the process should I contact potential loggers?
What questions should I ask to find out if you are the right logger for my job?
How do you get paid for your work? Is the move-in, move-out cost included in the bid? How about the trucking?
Do loggers always take care of slash? Or is it a different contract?
How do you handle working next to buildings and power lines?
What is important to put in our contract?
What type of harvest operations and methods do you specialize in, if any?

Materials

Provide each participant with:

Any associated handouts.
Access to business cards or brochures.
A list of local loggers.

Forest practice laws and best management practices

Time considerations

Allow 30–45 minutes.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to:

Identify if their state has laws to protect forest resources.
Learn the requirements of state laws as they relate to timber harvesting.
Identify who is available to help them.
Identify if a permit or notification is required to administer a harvest.

Background information

All but one state in the western U.S. has adopted a set of standards around protecting forest resources on private lands. These standards take the form of forest practices laws or voluntary best management practices. In general, these standards maintain the continuous growing and harvesting of trees while protecting forest soils, clean air, clean water, vegetation, wildlife and aquatic habitat. These standards are usually enforced by a state agency within a department of natural resources or department of forestry. In most cases, landowners make their state agency aware of adherence to these standards before harvest by submitting either a permit or notification of operations.

Alaska

In Alaska, timber harvest is regulated under the Alaska Forest Resources and Practices Act (AS 41.17). The purpose of the act is to protect fish habitat and water quality, and ensure prompt reforestation while providing for a healthy timber industry. The FRPA establishes standards for commercial operations on forestland including harvesting, roads, site preparation, thinning and slash treatment. These activities may require a Detailed Plan of Operations to be filed with the Division of Forestry and are subject to compliance monitoring. Applicability of the FRPA is based on operation size, region and proximity to bodies of water.

References and links

Arizona

At the time of this writing, Arizona does not have forest practice laws or best management practices. For additional information, contact Arizona’s Department of Forestry and Fire Management.

Department of Forestry and Fire Management
1110 W. Washington St. No. 100
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Phone: 602-771-1400

California

The California Forest Practice Act was enacted in 1973 to ensure that logging is conducted in a manner that will preserve and protect fish, wildlife, forests and streams. The State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection enacts and enforces additional rules to protect these resources. CAL FIRE ensures that private landowners abide by these laws when harvesting trees. Although in some cases there are specific exemptions, compliance with the Forest Practice Act and Board rules applies to all commercial harvesting operations for private landowners.

The Timber Harvesting Plan is the environmental review document submitted by landowners to CAL FIRE outlining what timber will be harvested, how it will be harvested, and the steps that will be taken to prevent damage to the environment. THPs are prepared by Registered Professional Foresters, who are licensed to prepare these comprehensive, detailed plans. THPs can range from about 100 pages to over 500 pages. For questions about the Forest Practice Program, or to get a listing of Registered Professional Foresters, contact the nearest Regional CAL FIRE Office.

References and links

Forest Practices Act

Colorado

There are no formal regulations or a permitting process for timber harvest on private lands. Colorado uses a set of voluntary best management practices for forestry activities. The state does require the use of best management practices as a standard of performance in contracts on private lands and in forestry projects that involve the use of federal or state grant funds.

References and links

Hawaii

In Hawaii, timber harvest is regulated by the Department of Land and Natural Resources. Most forestland falls under the jurisdiction of the DLNR Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands and is referred to as Conservation District land. Activities on these lands are regulated by Title 13 Chapter 5 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules and Chapter 183C of the Hawaii Revised Statutes.

Commercial harvest activities may require an approved board permit and management plan. Find the application form on the DLNR website.

References and links

Idaho

The Idaho Forest Practice Act (Title 38, Chapter 13, Idaho Code) was enacted to “assure the continuous growing and harvesting of forest trees and to maintain forest soil, air, water, vegetation, wildlife and aquatic habitat.” All Idaho forest practices must meet or exceed the rules of IFPA, which are detailed in the Idaho Administrative Code (IDAPA 20.02.01) and known as the IFPA Rules. The rules are administered by the Idaho Department of Lands.

Before starting any forest activity, such as a timber harvest, a Notification of Forest Practice and, in most cases, a Certificate of Slash Compliance/Fire Hazard Agreement (sometimes called a “brush permit”) must be filed at the local IDL office. The form includes a signatory line for the operator as well as the contractor. The person taking responsibility for complying with forest practices (usually the logger) must sign on the operator signatory line and the person taking responsibility for slash (also usually the logger) must sign on the contractor signatory line.

The Notification of Forest Practice informs the state that a forest practice will be conducted, and the Certificate of Slash Compliance/Fire Hazard Agreement assures the state that fire hazard will be reduced to state standards after the forest operation. Forest practices may begin once IDL has approved the forms. IDL sends copies of the forms to the landowner, timber owner and operator.

The notification and compliance forms are valid for one or two years, depending on the operating option. Upon expiration, both forms must be renewed before the practice can continue.

Extensions and other changes to the forms must be made within 30 days by the person who filed the originals.

References and links

Montana

The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation administers three sets of laws pertaining to forest practices:

The Streamside Management Zone Law, which regulates activities next to streams. Applications regarding Montana SMZ laws are only necessary if the operator wants to use an “alternative practice” that is not within Montana Streamside Management Zone rules. Applications are available through local DNRC offices.

Control of Timber Slash and Debris Law and Rules, which require reduction of fire hazards from timber harvest operations on private lands. The person conducting the work enters into a Fire Hazard Reduction Agreement, which requires logging slash to be reduced to state standards. The law requires sawmills and other purchasers of forest products to obtain proof that the seller of the forest products has this agreement. The mills withhold certain funds and transfer those funds to a bond held by the state. The DNRC monitors these agreements and releases the bond on completion of the hazard reduction work.

The Forest Practice Notification Law, commonly referred to as the BMP law, which requires operators or landowners to notify the DNRC when forest practices are going to take place on private lands and sets voluntary or nonregulatory standards for those practices.

References and links

New Mexico

In New Mexico, timber harvest is regulated by the Commercial Timber Harvesting Requirements, (NMAC 19.20.4). The requirements set minimum standards for harvesting and yarding trees, treating slash, and stabilizing roads and skid trails. Harvesting in an area, or combination of areas, of 25 acres or more in a calendar year requires a permit from the Forestry Division.

References and links

Oregon

The Oregon Forest Practices Act sets standards for all commercial activities involving the establishment, management, or harvesting of trees on Oregon’s forestlands. The FPA applies to forest operations on private, state, and county- or city-owned forests. Oregon law gives the Board of Forestry primary responsibility to interpret the FPA and set rules for forest practices. The Oregon Department of Forestry is responsible for enforcing those requirements by reviewing pre-operations plans, overseeing operations, ensuring reforestation, investigating complaints and enforcing corrective actions when violations occur. ODF works with landowners and operators to help them comply with the requirements of the FPA.

Before conducting an operation or forest practice, landowners and operators will usually need to inform the state by submitting a Notification of Operation to ODF at least 15 days prior to the start of the operation. Forest operations and activities that require a notification include: using power-driven machinery, road construction, slash disposal, precommercial thinning, harvesting, selling logs, chemical application/use of petroleum products, quarry site development for use in forest operations, site preparation for reforestation, and converting forestland to nonforest use.

References and links

Utah

In Utah, timber harvest is regulated under the Utah Forest Practices Act (65A-8a-101 Utah Code). The purpose of the act is to ensure the protection of forest, soil and water resources. The FPA establishes standards for growing, harvesting and processing forest products. Examples of forest practices activities include thinning, harvesting and salvage logging; logging road construction and maintenance; site preparation; reforestation; and slash treatment. Those conducting forest practices activities must submit a registration form as well as a notice of intent to the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire & State Lands.

Find the Operator Registration Form and the Notice of Intent to Conduct Forest Practices Form on the Utah Department of Natural Resources website.

References

Washington

In Washington, timber harvest is regulated under the Forest Practices Act, Chapter 76.09 of the Revised Code of Washington. The purpose of the act is to protect public resources such as clean air and water while maintaining a viable forest products industry. The Washington Forest Practices Rules (Title WAC 222) establish standards for growing, harvesting and processing timber. Examples of forest practices activities include thinning; harvesting and yarding; crossing streams with equipment; reforestation; and brush control. These activities may require a permit from the Washington Department of Natural Resources, which regulates forest practices on private and state land. Find the forest practices application on the DNR website. Note that there are different forms for western and eastern Washington.

Forest practices applications fall under a classification system based on the level of risk to public resources. Applications may fall into one of five categories. Class I activities require neither a forest practices application nor a fee. These activities include routine road maintenance; tree planting; precommercial thinning or pruning; cutting less than 5,000 board feet of timber for personal use; and growing and harvesting Christmas trees. All other classes require both an application and a fee. For descriptions of different forest practices classes, see WAC 222-16-050.

References and links

Washington Department of Natural Resources forest practices
Forest Practices Illustrated, Washington Department of Natural Resources. 2017.

Wyoming

The Wyoming State Forestry Division has adopted Best Management Practices for forest practice activities. Implementation of BMPs is voluntary, and the division conducts an audit of BMP implementation and effectiveness every few years.

References and links

Contracts and taxes

When forest landowners are ready to engage a forestry or logging professional, it is important that they understand how to protect themselves through a written contract. There are also tax issues to consider when selling logs. Landowners will need to understand the concept of basis and how to apply it to reduce the taxable gain, if any, from a sale. In addition to calculating the federal income taxes on a sale, some states also impose a severance or harvest tax. It is important to understand tax obligations at all levels — federal, state and local.

Time considerations

Allow 1–1½ hours.

Learning objectives

Describe the four basic contract requirements.
Explain common contract issues.
Explain the importance of basis.
Calculate taxable gain.
Describe when and how to use Section 631a.
Describe the reforestation tax incentive.
List state property and severance taxes.

Background information

Written contracts

Many people think it is awkward to bring up the need for a contract, since it may be viewed as a lack of trust. However, a contract is a legally binding document that serves as protection for both parties. A written contract prevents misunderstandings and provides a way to navigate the encounter so that all parties are satisfied.

A contract describes the set of promises — and the description of those promises — made between two parties entering into an agreement. The contract reminds the parties involved that the implementation of what is promised is a duty between parties. Additionally, the contract provides for a course of action should one or both parties break the promise.

There are four essential contract requirements: agreement, capacity, consideration and legality.

Agreement is simply an offer by one party and the acceptance by the other.

It is essential that parties in the agreement have the capacity or legal competency to enter into the agreement. It would not be acceptable to have someone sign who does not understand the agreement. For example, a person with dementia may not have the capacity to be party to the agreement.

Consideration is the giving up of something in exchange for something else. This can be giving a service for cash.

Finally, the contract must be for an exchange that is legal in the jurisdiction in which the transaction occurs.

A contract should clearly define the work to be done, who will do it, and at what cost. Look at sample contracts or previous contracts for similar services on the property or from another landowner. View these as a starting point, recognizing the need to adjust to current conditions involving both the specific action and the individuals involved. Landowners should carefully review contracts that are provided by a buyer, as these may lack clauses that would be advantageous to the seller. Communication within the contract should be clear and direct to avoid problems of interpretation later.

Landowners should be sure to put themselves in the contractor’s shoes. The more restrictions placed in the contract, the more difficult it may be to come to an agreement, thereby prolonging the time it takes to get the job done. Finally, it may be necessary to hire a contract lawyer. The lawyer would have the knowledge to recognize if provisions are missing that would increase the likelihood of a positive outcome for all involved. Landowners should also consider hiring a consulting forester who will be familiar with the type of work being considered in the contract.

Some common problems arise in contracted jobs. Most of these issues can be resolved with a good written contract, which includes:

The time frame in which the job should be started and completed.
Flexibility for conditions that are beyond the control of the other party, such as weather delays and fire restrictions.
Issues of method and timing of payments as well as payments related to harvest taxes.
Expectations regarding postharvest condition. One of the biggest complaints from landowners after their first harvest is the condition of the area postharvest. Some of this is related to a lack of communication. Contract language should include a threshold for an acceptable level of damage to residual trees as well as mitigation for damage. During the operation, landowners can inspect the harvest frequently to raise issues and concerns to be corrected before the operation is completed.
The method that will be used to resolve disputes. Placing this in the contract helps all parties understand how to proceed when an issue arises.

Tax introduction

U.S. landowners may be subject to taxes at the local, state and federal levels. Individual income taxes account for approximately 48% of revenues for the federal government. Consequently, taxes impact timberland values and ownership.

The Internal Revenue Code and its associated documents take up more than 70,000 pages. The actual laws are often complex. This section and the associated curriculum slides are not intended to contain all the details and should not be seen as a substitute for professional help. Details of specific provisions go beyond the scope of a presentation that is less than a full day or focused on a single provision.

The material presented is current as of the date of publication. However, sometimes changes to tax laws occur and provisions may be altered or no longer available. The most at-risk content in this section is the capital gains treatment and the reforestation incentive (at the federal level). The Oregon harvest and severance tax information provided has recently been named in several bills and may at some point be substantially changed. Please speak with an accountant if you are unsure of potential changes.

This information should be seen as educational material and not tax advice. What is presented here is the authors’ best interpretation confirmed by tax preparers and conversations with former IRS foresters and the Oregon Department of Revenue.

Calculation of gain for taxes

First, let’s look at how taxable gain is determined for income tax purposes. As part of the sales transaction, revenue is transferred from buyer to seller. This revenue is considered the sale income. The sale income is then reduced by the expenses associated with the sale. These expenses typically include but are not limited to logging costs, legal fees and forester’s fees associated with a harvest. The taxpayer is also allowed to reduce the income by the amount in the basis account. The result is the taxable gain on the sale.

Use this equation to determine taxable gain:
Sales income - sale expenses - basis = taxable gain

Basis of timber and land

What is basis?

Basis is a measure of an owner’s investment in a capital asset. A capital asset is defined in the Internal Revenue Code as all property held by a taxpayer that is not inventory held for sale, depreciable property, or real estate used in a trade or business. By definition, neither land nor timber fits that description. However, there is a code provision that allows us to treat timber and land like a capital asset. It is important at the time of sale or in the event of an unexpected loss to know the basis in the property (timber and land). Any event that results in the land or timber being transferred to another party requires reporting for tax purposes (timber sale, land sale, gift, etc.). The Internal Revenue Service allows taxpayers to reduce the amount of taxable gain by their basis. Knowing the basis in land and timber may result in a lower tax liability.

Why, how and when is basis determined?

The manner in which the property is acquired is a determining factor in how basis is determined. Property may be acquired by direct purchase, receipt of a gift, inheritance, or through an exchange. Each of these has a specific way that basis is determined at the time the property is acquired. It is important for the landowner to know this number, and for that number to be allocated between the land, timber and any other assets (barn, house, etc.).

Landowners may choose to break timber into multiple accounts based on any criteria desired. There is nothing special about timber as an asset class in regard to the determination of the basis. Allocation of that basis can be done proportionately.

Below is a simple example of a basis allocation once the fair market value of each piece has been determined. For more detail, view Basics of Basis for Family Forest Landowners.

Example: The landowner has paid $100,000 for land and trees. The basis is allocated below based on the relative proportion of fair market value.

Asset	Fair market value	Percentage of total fair market value	Allocated basis
Timber	$48,000	48/120 = 40%	40% x 100,000 = 40,000
Land	$72,000	72/120 = 60%	60% x 100,000 = 60,000
Total	$120,000	100%	$100,000

What is adjusted basis?

Adjusted basis is the original investment in the property plus capital additions or reductions for capital recovery (such as partial harvests or thinnings).

How is basis used?

The Internal Revenue Code allows taxpayers to recover the investment made in the property. For equipment (tractors, skidders, trucks, etc.), the recovery of basis is made during the early years of equipment use through a process called depreciation. For land, the taxpayer uses the basis (the measure of the investment) to offset the sale price to determine gain. For timber, the investment is recovered at the time of a sale through depletion, or harvests.

Once you have established the timber basis, use it to calculate a depletion unit for each stand (tract, age class, etc.). The depletion unit is the adjusted basis divided by the total volume on that stand. Multiply the resulting number ($/MBF or $/ton) by the volume harvested to determine the amount of basis used in calculating gain/loss on a sale or conversion. Use the following equation to calculate the taxable gain:

Sale income - sale expenses - basis (depletion unit x volume cut) = taxable gain

When the sale is a clearcut of all timber in the basis account, the entire basis amount will be used to reduce the income. If the sale is a partial harvest, the calculation of the depletion unit will result in a proportionate use of the basis. After part of the basis is used to calculate taxable gain, that amount is removed from the basis account.

Capital gains for woodland owners

There are two types of income. Ordinary income is the classification for most income received (and the default). For most taxpayers, wages earned is the most familiar form of ordinary income. Ordinary income is taxed at marginal rates that currently range from 10% to 37% for individuals.

Capital gains income usually comes from the sale of property used in the production of income that has been held for more than a year. The sale of land or timber is treated as capital gains income under a special provision of the tax code.

For income to be treated as capital gains, it must meet a holding period requirement. The general rule is that the property must have been held for at least a year. If the property is received as a gift, determine the holding period by adding the amount of time the property was held by the giver to the time it was held by the receiver of the gift. There is no holding period requirement for property received through an inheritance.

Capital gains income for individual taxpayers receives a preferential tax rate. Capital gains rates currently range from 0 to 20%. In addition, income taxed as capital gains does not incur self-employment tax (currently 15.3% additional tax). Income that is taxed as capital gains can be completely offset by capital losses. Ordinary income may only be offset by up to $3,000 of capital losses. For taxpayers organized as a corporation, income can be classified as capital gain, but does not receive a preferential tax rate. It is taxed like ordinary income.

A quick example illustrates the benefits of capital gains treatment. Assume a landowner sells timber for $65,000 and incurs $5,000 of expenses related to the sale. The landowner has $15,000 in the basis account that can be allocated to this sale. If the landowner is in the 35% ordinary income bracket due to other income, what are the after-tax receipts?

To calculate taxable gain, use the following formula:

Sale proceeds - expenses - basis = taxable gain
65,000 - 5,000 - 15,000 = $45,000 taxable gain

The taxable gain is then multiplied by the appropriate tax rate to determine the tax due. In this case:

$45,000 x 0.15 (capital gain rate if landowner is in 35% bracket) = $6,750 in taxes
After-tax profit: $45,000 - $6,750 = $38,250

A common mistake by both tax preparers and taxpayers is not filing timber sale income as capital gains income. The difference in tax rate alone can make a large difference in the amount of profit from the sale.

The section of IRS code that allows timber to qualify for capital gains specifies it is for the sale of standing timber. In some cases, landowners may cut their own timber or hire a logger to cut the timber. The logs are then sold to another party. Log sales do not qualify for capital gains treatment without a special election. Internal Revenue Code Section 631a allows the taxpayer to treat the sale of logs as a two-part transaction. Without the election, the sale would be considered ordinary income.

The 631a election allows the taxpayer to break the sale into a gain from holding standing timber and the value added by conversion into a product. The first component involves determining the gain from holding standing timber. This part of the sale is a deemed sale of the standing timber to the owner on the first day of the year. Determine the fair market value of the timber as of Jan. 1 of the year of the cut. Determine gain by subtracting the adjusted basis from the fair market value. This gain will qualify for capital gains treatment, as it is a sale of standing timber.

The timber from the deemed sale in the first part now has a basis that is equal to the fair market value on Jan. 1. Calculate the gain on the sale of the logs by subtracting sale expenses and fair market value (new basis) from the sales price. The resulting gain is considered ordinary income, since it is a sale of the logs and not standing timber.

Let’s look at an example. A landowner cut 60 MBF in 2018 from a tract that was purchased in 2016 with a basis of $1,460. He sold the logs later in 2018 for $9,600. Expenses associated with the sale totaled $1,500. How much of the gain will qualify for capital gains versus ordinary income if the landowner makes a 631a election?

First, look at the gain from the sale of the standing timber. The deemed sale is assumed to have occurred on Jan. 1, and the fair market value at that time was $7,500.

Gain = FMV on Jan. 1 - adjusted basis
Gain = $7,500 - $1,460 = $6,040

This gain will qualify for capital gains treatment as it was held for more than one year and the election was made to treat the sale as a §631a sale.

The sale of the logs will finish the calculation for the gain on the sale.

Gain = sale proceeds - basis (FMV on Jan. 1) - sale expenses
Gain = $9,600 - $7,500 - $1,500 = $600

The gain from this portion of the transaction is treated as ordinary income since it does not qualify for capital gains treatment.

Net investment income tax

Some landowners will be responsible for paying an additional tax in the year of harvest. The Net Investment Income Tax is an additional 3.8% tax imposed on capital gains income that is passive in nature. This tax is triggered if the taxpayer has a modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 (for individuals) or $250,000 (married filing jointly) and has net investment income from activities that are capital gains that are passive in nature. A discussion of passive versus active business is beyond the scope of this curriculum. Discuss these issues with a tax preparer.

Reforestation tax benefits: Internal Revenue Code Section 194

The Internal Revenue Code considers reforestation to consist of site preparation; seed or seedling purchase; brush and weed control; labor; tools; and depreciation on equipment used in planting; and seeding for natural or artificial regeneration. The reforestation incentive only includes costs that would normally be added to the basis. If the expense would normally be deductible, then the expense does not qualify for this incentive.

The incentive consists of an outright deduction as well as amortization of remaining expenses. Landowners may deduct up to $10,000 worth of reforestation-related expenses each tax year per qualified timber property. The property qualifies if it is located in the United States, is held for growing and cutting of timber to be sold for commercial production of timber products, and consists of at least 1 acre planted in a manner that is consistent with normal practices. Property planted in shelter belts, ornamental trees or Christmas trees does not qualify. The part of this that remains questionable is the section on “per qualified timber property.” There is no clear definition of this; approach it cautiously. An appropriate approach would be to delineate the unit for reforestation and maintain those boundaries of planning and management in perpetuity. This maintains consistency with the size of the unit you are calling the “qualified timber property” for this provision.

Any expenses over the $10,000 in a given tax year are placed in an account to be amortized over the next 84 months. Amortization is just a fancy way of saying that the costs are written off partially each year. There is no limit on the amount of reforestation expenses that may be amortized. The result is a complete recovery of reforestation expenses by year eight.

All landowners are eligible for the amortization. Land that is held by a trust may not use the initial $10,000 deduction, but may amortize the entire amount. All other landowners (corporate, individuals, etc.) may take both the $10,000 and the amortization.

The reforestation deduction and amortization are an election. This means the taxpayer chooses to treat the reforestation expenses in this manner. By default (without making the election), the landowner should be capitalizing all reforestation-related expenses. The election must be made on a timely filed return (including extensions) for the tax year in which the costs were incurred. If the landowner failed to make the election, the return can be amended within six months of the due date (excluding extensions). The deduction and amortization are available each tax year. If site preparation happens in one year and planting in another, those expenses will be addressed in the tax return for the year the expense was incurred. In this example, reforestation-related expenses would be deducted in two tax years.

State-specific harvest-related taxes

Some states have additional taxes that are levied on harvests of forest products.

Oregon as an example

In Oregon, landowners potentially will be responsible for the Small Tract Forestland Option Severance Tax and the Forest Products Harvest Tax.

Enrollment in the Small Tract Forestland Option is a choice available to landowners with more than 10 but fewer than 5,000 acres. Landowners who participate in the STF Option pay only 20% of the property taxes each year. Many refer to this program as the deferral program because the intent is that the other 80% is deferred until there is a harvest. For landowners in the STF Option, the landowner is assessed a severance tax based on the volume of timber harvested. This is in addition to state and federal income tax obligations. For 2019, landowners in eastern Oregon will pay $4.65/MBF, while those in western Oregon will pay $5.98/MBF.

Oregon also has a Forest Products Harvest Tax. Landowners must report all harvest volumes but will only pay harvest tax on volume exceeding 25 MBF in a year. The preliminary rate for a 2019 harvest is $4.28/MBF. The Oregon harvest tax is assessed on timber harvested from any land in Oregon, with the exception of most tribal lands.

Additional information

Forest Landowner’s Guide to the Federal Income Tax. 2013. USDA Forest Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 731.
Taxation of Forestry Income and Payments and other videos from the Forest Landowners Tax Council.
Contracts for Woodland Owners, EC 1192.
National Timber Tax website. Disclaimer: Given the frequency of changes in federal and state tax laws and regulations, the information on the National Timber Tax website cannot be expected to be current. Contact your local Department of Revenue to confirm the details of your state’s harvest and income tax laws.

Preparation

This topic is most effectively conveyed through a lecture with accompanying presentation slides (such as PowerPoint). You will need:

Projector.
Screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.
Microphone; consider a hands-free option such as a headset or clip-on.
Speakers.

See the sample presentation. Edit the presentation, including references and photos, to reflect local needs.

Procedure

This is a lecture-style presentation.

Materials

Provide each participant with:

A copy of the presentation slides.
Any associated relevant handouts.
List of local Certified Public Accountants who work with forestland owners.
An example contract.

Experienced landowner panel

The purpose of the experienced landowner panel is to hear diverse perspectives from landowners who have experienced the timber sale process. Participants will hear real-life examples of what went well and what went wrong, and get seasoned advice from peer woodland owners.

Time considerations

Allow 45–60 minutes.

Learning objectives

Background

The landowner panel is an opportunity to introduce an alternative learning approach by allowing participants to engage in peer-to-peer learning. This kind of learning — the exchange of ideas and information among landowners and family, friends and neighbors — contrasts with the largely one-way delivery of content through expert-centric education models. Participants of peer learning opportunities say the variety of approaches and the discussion of past successes and failures helps reduce their own costly mistakes. For a complex and costly activity such as a timber sale, a landowner panel offers a valuable opportunity to learn from the experiences of others.

The landowner panel has been well received at previous workshops. Past participants have commented:

The discussion of other peoples’ experiences is very helpful.
They loved the real examples presented.
It was valuable to hear a heartfelt story from a guy who “got taken” by a logger.
They appreciate others’ experience.
The mix of experiences is appreciated.

Landowner testimonials

Landowners who participated as panelists saw the value in the exchange of experiences.

“This program created a great opportunity for landowners in many ways. As always, I appreciated the opportunity to connect with fellow folks — sometimes a hard thing to find in rural communities. People love to find not only their neighbors, but like-minded landowners.

“I shared details about the tree farm I steward with participants of the day. Many came to me afterwards and had heartfelt appreciation. There is truly a need for the community of small woodland owners to come together and share what we love, have, and to assist others to be a part of the small woodland community.”

Lindsay Reaves, Bauman Tree Farm
Eugene, OR

“I have lived on a tree-covered 20-plus-acre parcel of property in the Mohawk Valley in Lane County for over 40 years. The trees were mostly Douglas-fir with a scattering of ponderosa pine and incense cedar and some oak and maple. In 2016 I decided it was time to harvest the timber. The property had been [high-graded] (i.e. only the good trees were taken) several years before I bought the property. It had never been properly reforested. As a result, the logs varied greatly in size and quality.

“This was a once-in-a-lifetime experience for me. Although I have been in or around forestry and logging most of my life I wasn’t sure where to begin. I hired a professional forester to help me. He brought a very good logger, shopped the logs (which went to six different mills), tracked the log loads and payments, ordered the seedlings, and arranged for a contractor to do the planting. Hiring him was the best thing I did to make the logging, log sales and replanting a success. There was no way I could have done it alone.

“Because there are probably other landowners like me who have the same questions I had when I started, I was asked to be part of a landowner panel for an OSU Extension Service seminar for small land owners on selling logs. I shared my experience with the audience and my comments seemed well received, particularly by those for whom harvesting their property is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.”

Larry Thorp
Mohawk Valley, OR

“I have had very positive experiences selling timber. This was a welcome surprise for me because that was the one area I had been able to avoid for many years since other family members dealt with all those aspects of marketing. Suddenly, I was forced into stepping up due to a sudden death in the family. One hears horror stories of naive folks being taken advantage of, but everyone I dealt with was helpful and ethical. Education and guidance was available from Extension and through the Oregon Department of Forestry service foresters. I found log buyers to be patient and quite willing to take the time to talk with me and visit the land.

“Although the panel was charged with discussing timber sales, many of the questions were about other aspects of forest management ... such as reforestation and vegetation management in young stands as well as road construction. I think this is fine to let the audience ask what is on their minds. Probably a structure that has the panelists first make some comments on topic and ask for the initial questions to relate to the stated focus would be best. Then open the questions to whatever else folks might like to ask of an experienced landowner.”

Maryrae Thompson, Evans Timber LLC,
Junction City, OR

“As a family forest landowner/manager I found the workshop on selling logs a very good investment of time for the benefit of our LLC. Extension brought together just the right mix of information for participants of many kinds. Some of us had need for the basics of how the products are measured, who are potential buyers, and how does the price get established. Others wanted updates on how both markets and logging equipment are changing.

“I learned some things I could use this month. I told of some recent experiences of my own and others from early in my 40 years of experience in this game. I met new local specialists in areas where need for help is changing with the times and with my age. At first, we had logs to sell only about every 10 years and are now logging one or two patches per year. The more trees grow the more we have to sell in different segments of the market.

“Dad learned by experience and I piggybacked on that. He was learning from neighbors, the county Extension Agent and our local farm woodlands association’s potlucks and tours. We learned to get to know our preferred sources, which fit our need.

“Each one on my panel at the event represented a slightly different side of the story of finding your way to a successful sale. It’s rough terrain one must cross, not quite a wilderness but challenging. It’s better to set out with a map or personal guide and a destination in mind. What is the purpose of your cutting and selling, your destination on the other end of the process? What is the best source of guidance? Your fellow travelers need to understand your goals. You need good communication skills and tools. If you do not keep in touch, you may accidentally go in different directions with goals not reached. Get consultants and contractors you feel good about working with. Rough journeys only work out with those who like or respect each other.

“The bigger the volume of wood being sold, the more valuable it became for our family to pay a professional guide (consulting forester) who leads us the best way by knowing well the territory. Our consultant knows the market and therefore contacts the buyers at mills who want what we have to sell. Knowing the type and location of our timber, he can pair us up with contractors fitting our particular goals, land and trees. The same could work for others with enough value at stake. Others with less to log could simply deal with a logger they trust and with whom they have a solid, signed contract.”

Gilbert Shibley, Shibley Family LLC and Forest Home Woodlands LLC
Estacada, OR

Preparation

Invite three or more experienced landowners from the area to sit on the panel. Landowners should represent a diversity of properties and experiences with the timber sale process. For example, include someone who has sold a large amount of timber and someone who underwent a smaller sale. Most importantly, let the audience hear from landowners who have had both positive and negative experiences with consulting foresters, logging contractors, log buyers, regulatory agencies and neighbors. The larger the panel, the more time you will need to allow for the session.

Prepare some extra panel questions that are appropriate for your area in case there aren’t enough questions from the audience to fill the time. See Procedure, below.

Provide the following equipment for the panel:

Microphone: one for each panelist if possible.
A portable microphone for audience questions. If not available, have moderator repeat questions into microphone.
Speakers.

Provide the following materials if a landowner panelist wants to show photos during the panel:

Projector and screen.
Extension cord or power strip.
Laptop computer.
Slide advancer/laser pointer.

Procedure

At the start of the panel, provide the rationale for selecting the experienced landowners sitting on the panel. Use the background description provided above as a guide.

Inform workshop participants that the panel will begin with introductions and a couple of questions. After these questions are answered, the floor will be open for questions from the audience.

Use a moderator to keep the session moving smoothly, ensure that a variety of participants get to ask their questions, and that both questions and answers remain relevant to the topic of timber harvesting and buying and selling logs.

Allot time to each panelist to describe their experiences and answer questions from the audience. The audience may have more questions for one panelist than another.

Optional activity

Ask participants to think of questions for the experienced landowners and write them on an index card. Collect cards periodically to be read by the moderator. If you have a shy audience, this may increase the number of questions. Remind participants that questions to experienced landowners should stay on theme to reflect their role in the timber sale process.

Optional questions to prompt the panel

Materials

Provide each participant with any relevant handouts. Some landowners like to share their harvest plan or pictures of their property.

Field trip options

Overview

The field trip portion of this program is an opportunity for participants to see concepts covered in the presentations and panels that have been implemented on the ground. Some subjects, such as postharvest site conditions, are better explained in the field than in the classroom. The field trip component should serve to enhance the learning experience of participants, and provide them with practical visual resources to assist them with harvesting and selling logs.

In this section, we will address five possible field trip options: a log-scaling demonstration, a portable sawmill demonstration, a postharvest site conditions tour, a harvesting demonstration and a mill tour. While the field trip component is a nice addition to a program, it is not mandatory. Depending on the educational needs of your audience (and any time, location and seasonality constraints), the field trip component can take on many forms.

The amount of time needed for your field trip depends on several factors, including field location in relation to the indoor portion of the program, the number of stops and topics included on the field trip, and the level of detail you want to go into for each topic covered. Include any associated travel time and account for breaks and walking time during stops. Be sure to include plenty of time for questions at the end of each stop.

Section 1: Log-scaling demonstration

Time considerations

Depending on the level of detail covered at each stop, this field trip option requires a minimum of 30–45 minutes of instruction, which includes time for questions. This allows the instructor to cover the topic and provide any needed demonstration.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to understand how logs are scaled and identify the defects that cause deductions at the mill.

Background

The log-scaling field trip option provides the opportunity for participants to understand how log value is ultimately determined. Log scaling is the measurement or estimation of the quantity (volume) or quality (grade) of felled and bucked timber. A log scaler measures bucked logs to determine the scale and grade of the wood before it is processed.

The ideal instructor for this field trip is a local log scaler employed by a local log-scaling and grading bureau. These bureaus provide third-party scaling, where the log scaler and management have no vested interest in the logs they are scaling. In this way, they remain unbiased participants in the process.

This field trip allows landowners to learn about how value is assigned to logs after they leave the woods. Center discussion on how logs are scaled, what professional log scalers look for when scaling logs, common log defects and deductions, and how to maximize the value of each log.

Preparation and procedure

Advise participants to wear closed-toe shoes and long sleeves and pants for personal safety. Take into consideration weather restrictions, including extreme heat, cold, rain and snow. If these conditions exist, provide alternatives for the field tour — such as participating inside a large barn or under a cover (pop-up tents, carport). If the weather is particularly bad, offer the field trip another day. Have a back-up plan.

Secure a speaker for this demonstration. The speaker should be knowledgeable on the topic and understand how to address log scaling for landowners. A speaker might be a log scaler with a local log scaling and grading bureau, a forester, a log buyer or an agency log-scaling inspector.

Find a location for the demonstration. You could go to a mill or have a few logs available for demonstration purposes at the program site. If there are other components to your field tour, you can have a few logs made available at those sites as well.

Secure one to five logs before the workshop to have the scaler discuss during the presentation. Some logs should be examples of common grading differences and defects.

If you are bringing logs to a site for this demonstration, contact a local logger with a self-loader to deliver the logs, or see if the landowner can provide them using equipment on their tree farm.

Try to ensure that the logs are laid out in a location away from significant noise, so participants can hear the speaker.

Provide the speaker with a portable microphone and speakers to ensure that everyone can adequately hear the discussion, especially if there is background noise from a highway or mill operations.

Keep water and a first-aid kit on hand during the tour.

If there are no restrooms on site, make sure to order an outhouse in advance.

Invite participation by teaching landowners to find the gross scale of the log. Give participants a tape measure and volume table. Ask them to measure the small end diameter and length of the log. Teach them to use the volume table to determine board feet in the log. Then have the professional log scaler identify any defects that would deduct volume from the gross scale of the log.

Materials

The materials needed to offer a field trip vary depending on your location and the level of detail you wish to provide in handouts.

You might consider offering each participant a copy of the local log-scaling handbook. Also, consider offering a handout with photos of common defects and associated deductions.

Section 2: Portable sawmill demonstration

Time considerations

Depending on the level of detail covered at this stop, this field trip requires a minimum of 30–45 minutes of instruction, which includes time for questions. This allows the instructor to cover the topic and provide any needed demonstration.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to:

Identify benefits of portable sawmilling.
Choose the appropriate logs for a portable mill.
Identify products that can be made using a portable mill.
Learn how portable sawyers decide to cut the log to get the most valuable wood.
Understand drying options for wood milled using a portable mill.

Background

The portable sawmill demonstration allows landowners to learn when and why to use a portable sawmill to process all or some logs harvested in a timber sale. A portable sawmill processes one log at a time. Owners can haul it on a trailer or set it up permanently in one location. If a landowner has enough logs, they may consider purchasing one and operating it themselves. Alternatively, they can hire a portable sawmill operator who owns their own equipment and can mill the logs for the landowner, often charging by hour, board foot, or percentage of price per board foot of finished product.

Some portable sawmill operators can travel with the sawmill, and some require the logs be brought to their facility.

This is a good option for landowners who may have logs of low value or undesirable species for local mills and sort yards. Additionally, landowners may choose to mill logs using a portable sawmill if they want to use wood off of their land for a specific project, such as fencing, siding, and lumber for barns, porch railings or other structures.

Preparation and procedure

Advise participants to wear closed-toe shoes and long sleeves and pants for personal safety. Consider weather restrictions, including extreme heat, cold, rain and snow. Provide alternatives for the field tour — such as participating inside a large barn or under a cover (pop-up tents, carport). In the event of bad weather, consider offering the tour another day. Have a backup plan.

Secure a local portable sawmill operator to provide a demonstration and talk about portable sawmilling, including when to use one, how to find an operator and what type of products they produce.

You will need a large area on flat ground to set up the portable sawmill, the logs to be milled, and the lumber that is milled in the demonstration. Often this will include a flatbed trailer and pickup truck, in addition to the sawmill. A large grassy open area, parking lot or landing works well for this demonstration.

Your portable sawmill operator may or may not be able to bring logs for the milling demonstration. Contact some local landowners who may be able to donate logs if the mill operator does not have any.

Ensure the sawmill is placed in a location away from significant noise. It will be easier for participants to hear the speaker.

Consider providing the speaker with a portable microphone and speakers to ensure that everyone can hear the discussion.

Keep water, a first-aid kit and personal protective equipment (hard hats, ear protection and safety glasses) on hand during the field tour.

If there are no restrooms on site, order an outhouse in advance.

Materials

The materials needed to offer a field trip will vary depending on your location and the level of detail you wish to provide in handouts.

Consider offering a handout containing information on the benefits of portable sawmilling, appropriate log choices for a portable sawmill, types of mills, and what products can be made from a mill. Also consider offering a directory of local portable sawmill operators.

Section 3: Postharvest site conditions tour

Time considerations

This field trip generally requires 45 minutes to an hour.

Learning objectives

The participant will be able to:

See examples of what the land and forest look like: immediately after a timber harvest, and at five, 10 or more years later.
Understand how the differences in operation, types of sale, time of year and other factors contribute to the way a stand looks after a harvest.

Background

The postharvest site conditions tour is an opportunity for landowners to see on-the-ground examples of what a forest can look like after a timber harvest. This helps landowners develop a realistic set of expectations. Landowners will observe different forest types, logging prescriptions and landowner objectives during the field trip. Examples may include a thinning, clearcut with slash piles, clearcut with slash left in place, or fuel-reduction treatment. Observing the varying factors can benefit landowners when it comes time to develop a contract with a logger. They may be able to include things in the contract that they previously may not have considered, such as removing roads postharvest or alternative methods to managing slash.

This could also be an opportunity to discuss road improvements, road materials, road costs, stream crossings and more.

Preparation and procedure

Advise participants to wear closed-toe shoes and long sleeves and pants for personal safety. Consider weather conditions, including extreme heat, cold, rain and snow. Provide alternatives for the field tour, such as a narrated driving tour on a bus. If the weather is particularly poor, offer the tour another day. Have a backup plan.

Find a site that has been recently harvested (less than one year ago) in close proximity to the indoor program. Try to ensure that the tour takes place away from significant noise, so that it is easier for participants to hear the speaker.

Considerations for site selection include:

The ability of buses or multiple vehicles to access the site and safely turn around. (This may depend on the season.)
Accessibility from the parking area to the harvest unit.
The ability to show examples of multiple harvest types, including a regeneration harvest and commercial thinning.

Secure a speaker who is knowledgeable on the area harvested and its history, preferably the landowner or property manager.

Prepare necessary handouts.

Consider providing the speaker with a portable microphone and speakers to ensure that everyone can hear the discussion well.

Make water, a first-aid kit and personal protective equipment (including hardhats) available. If there are no restrooms on site, order an outhouse in advance.

Materials

The materials needed to offer a field trip will vary depending on your location, and the level of detail you wish to provide in handouts.

Participants should receive a handout containing all pertinent information about the unit visited, including age, species, harvest history and ownership. Provide a map of the unit(s) to show roads, streams, harvest boundaries and other boundaries or buffers. If possible, provide aerial photos of each unit before and after harvest.

Section 4: Harvesting and roads demonstration

Time considerations

Depending on the level of detail, this field trip requires a minimum of 45 minutes to an hour, which includes time for questions. This allows the instructor to cover the topic and provide any needed demonstration.

Learning objectives

Participants will understand the different types of equipment and operations available to harvest timber in their area.

Background

The harvesting demonstration field trip is an opportunity for landowners to understand the types of access and equipment that may be used to harvest timber on their property. Many landowners have little, if any, personal experience with the equipment and methods used to harvest timber. Characteristics of the harvest site — particularly timber size and site topography — have the greatest influence in determining the appropriate harvest and road system. Additionally, production potential, road access requirements, stream protection, site disturbance, equipment availability, and additional capabilities of the equipment will play a role in determining the best setup for any given property.

Landowners are more likely to grasp the differences and subtleties in harvesting equipment if they can observe the equipment in action at a local harvest site. By seeing the equipment working ahead of time, landowners can develop a set of realistic expectations for what is needed to accomplish a harvest on their own land.

This is also an opportunity to share road examples from Timber sale fundamentals.

Additional information:

Timber Harvesting Options for Woodland Owners, EC 1582

Preparation and procedure

Advise participants to wear closed-toe shoes and long sleeves and pants for personal safety. Consider weather restrictions, including extreme heat, cold, rain and snow. In the event of poor weather, provide alternatives for the field tour, such as narrated videos. If weather is particularly bad, offer the tour another day. Have a backup plan.

Ask the logging company and landowner for permission for participants to take pictures. Communicate with your organization, logging company and landowner to determine if you will need liability waivers.

Find an active logging operation to tour with the group. If possible, tour a woodland owned by a local landowner. (This can also be done on an industrial forest property.) Be thoughtful when selecting your site. Keep in mind the cost of the equipment and your audience. Some equipment may be too expensive for most local landowners to employ (cable yarding or tethered harvesting, for example). Select an operation that has equipment that local landowners are likely to use on their lands.

Secure a speaker who is familiar with the harvesting equipment and operation logistics — preferably the landowner, property manager or logging boss.

Prepare any necessary handouts. Consider including one with photos, descriptions and limitations of the equipment viewed on the tour.

Ensure there is a safe location for participants to stand while still seeing the operation in action.

Consider providing the speaker with a portable microphone and speakers to ensure that everyone can hear the discussion well over the noise of the equipment.

Have water, a first-aid kit, and personal protective equipment (including hardhats, ear protection and high-visibility vests) on hand during the field tour.

Materials

The materials needed to offer a field trip will vary depending on your location and the level of detail of handouts.

Consider providing a handout containing photos and descriptions of all relevant harvesting equipment that might be used for local operations. Include slope restrictions, seasonal restrictions and other relevant information.

Learning objectives

Participants will see different types of equipment that could be used for timber harvesting on a woodland property and the roads necessary to access the timber.

Section 5: Mill tour

Time considerations

Most mill tours are approximately two hours long. Time allotted depends on the level of detail and number of stops included in the tour.

Learning objectives

Participants will understand how logs are processed at a sawmill and see the products.

Background

The mill tour field trip option is an opportunity for landowners to understand how logs are processed after they have left the woods. A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into various wood products. Mills generally only purchase logs of certain size and species in order to optimize the milling process. Mills also produce different types of products, and therefore prefer certain diameters, lengths and grades. The log buyer represents the mill and is the person a landowner will work with to develop a purchase order. Not all mills are the same, so it is beneficial for landowners to tour a local mill to become familiar with the log-selling, scaling, and manufacturing process.

Preparation and procedure

Advise participants to wear closed-toe shoes and long sleeves and pants for personal safety, in addition to any other requirements set by the mill. Consider weather restrictions, including extreme heat, cold, rain and snow. Provide alternatives such as narrated videos for the field tour in case of bad weather, or consider rescheduling it. Have a backup plan.

Ask if the mill allows participants to take pictures. Communicate with your organization and the mill to find out if you need liability waivers. If so, ask if waivers can be signed in advance.

Talk with a mill representative about what topics you want to cover on the tour and reserve the tour time slot.

Work with the mill representative to map out the tour stops and topics. Be aware of noise levels at stops.

Consider providing the speaker with a portable microphone and speakers to ensure that everyone can hear the discussion.

Have water, a first-aid kit, and personal protective equipment (including hardhats, ear protection and high-visibility vests) on hand during the tour. The mill may be able to provide this equipment.

Materials

Provide information on the mill, including species and log dimensions accepted, end products produced and log buyer contact information. Consider providing this information for all mills in your area to prevent bias.

Outreach and recruitment

Overview

Strategic outreach will help ensure an event’s success. Spend time crafting a message that effectively communicates the purpose of the event and the incentives for attending. Target outreach efforts to the audience (forestry program volunteers, natural resource professionals and woodland owners within a certain geographic area). Consider which tools will be most effective for the audience. Are most people using social media, or is the local newspaper their main source of information? Finally, consider any potential costs, such as newspaper ads and the cost of printing and mailing brochures or postcards.

Time considerations

Develop a timeline for outreach activities. If possible, begin outreach several months in advance of the event. Refer to the instructor guide on timing for outreach materials.

Materials

Print materials

Print materials can include brochures, press releases and newspaper advertisements. Brochures and press releases allow for a detailed description of the event, while the size and space constraints of a newspaper advertisement may limit the content to the event name and logistical details (date, time, location, cost and contact information).

Brochures should include an attention-grabbing photo or graphic on the cover as well as some visual material on the inside panels. Along with the logistical details of the event (including registration and contact information), state the purpose of the event and give a description of the content. If possible, include a mail-in registration form on one of the brochure panels.

In addition to details, press releases need a newsworthy headline. Frame the purpose of the event to make it relevant to the newspaper’s readership.

While press releases are often published for free, news outlets charge for print advertisements. Research the price well in advance, as ads can be costly.

Electronic materials

Emails, electronic newsletters and social media posts are inexpensive and effective outlets for reaching a wider audience. Reminders may be sent out periodically through email and social media communication. Emails and electronic newsletters may include more information about the event while social media posts should be more concise and include an attention-grabbing photo or graphic.

Partnerships

Partner organizations are often willing to share social media posts or event notices on their websites or in newsletters or other email communications. Find out the publication schedule for key organizations as well as any requirements for submission (word count or format).

Other materials

Other outreach strategies may include postcard mailings, flyers posted in local businesses or public places, and direct interaction with the target audience at outreach events or other events or classes.

Outreach sample text

Flyer

Selling logs is one of the most important decisions a landowner can face. Consulting foresters, log buyers and loggers can teach you how to get a fair deal for your timber and make sure your property looks the way you want it to, without exposing yourself to unnecessary liability.

Topics include:

Brochure

Landowners log their property for a variety of reasons. For some, logging is the culmination of decades of planning and hard work to produce a valuable crop. For others, it might be the liquidation of an asset to meet a sudden financial need. Still others might be undertaking a thinning operation to improve forest health and habitat.

Logging is a high-stakes endeavor with consequences that can last decades. This is not a time to cut corners! Timber is a valuable financial asset — YOUR asset — that took decades to produce. You can save thousands of dollars by getting a fair deal for your timber. Do not expose yourself to unnecessary liability for someone else’s mistake. Make sure your property looks how you want it to when the job is done.

Speakers will include: consulting foresters, experienced landowners, log buyers, loggers and representatives from <university> Extension Service, the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Revenue.

Topics include:

Social media post

Example 1: Harvesting trees from your property is not as simple as looking up loggers on Google. Learn everything you need to know about the process — and how to protect yourself and your land — at our Selling Logs from Your Property program, <Date> at <Location>. <website hyperlink>

Example 2: What’s the difference between getting $33,000 for your logs vs. $150,000? Knowing the right professional to hire and the type of sale to conduct! (True story behind those numbers.) There is way too much at stake to cut corners. This is precisely why we have put together our Selling Logs program. This comprehensive program will walk you through the entire harvesting process. Registration closes on <Date>, so if a harvest is in your future, sign up now — it’s worth your time to attend! <website hyperlink>

Example 3: Do you need to harvest trees on your property? Do you plan to sell the logs? There are some key things to consider when managing a successful timber sale.

We will hold a log selling program for landowners on <date> from <time> at <location>. Do not miss out on this opportunity to learn how to have a successful experience harvesting and selling trees off your land.

This program will not be offered again for a few years! To learn more and to register online, visit <website hyperlink>.

Questions? Send us a message here, or call our office: <phone>. See you there!

Example 4: Thinking of selling logs or trees from your property? Whatever your reason for selling trees, there are some key things to consider when managing a successful timber sale.

OSU Extension Service is hosting a daylong workshop, Selling Logs from Your Property, on <Date> from <time> at <location>. See details and registration information at <website hyperlink>.

Want a teaser of what we’ll cover at the workshop? Read this article. See you there!

Newsletter advertisement and website content

Selling Logs from Your Property: an Educational Symposium for Landowners

Selling logs is one of the most important decisions you might face as a landowner. Landowners may log their property for a number of reasons. For some, it’s the culmination of decades of planning and hard work to produce a valuable crop. For others, it might be the liquidation of an asset to meet a sudden financial need. Still others might undertake a thinning operation to improve forest health and enhance wildlife habitat.

Whatever your goal, selling logs is a high-stakes endeavor, and mistakes can be costly. This is not a time to cut corners! Timber is a valuable financial asset — YOUR asset — that took decades to produce. Do not lose out on thousands of dollars by not getting a fair deal for your logs. Avoid unnecessary damage to your property and make sure it looks how you want it to when the job is done.

Topics we’ll address include:

Timber sale fundamentals
Getting fair value for your logs
Understanding your rights and responsibilities as a landowner
What a forestry consultant can offer you
Protecting yourself from liability
Minimum harvest volume to be economically viable
Cruising and marketing for different forest products
How to select a logger
Permitting requirements and harvest regulations
Harvest and income taxes
Cost share programs
Logging roads
What log buyers want for their respective mills.

Speakers will include: consulting foresters, experienced landowners, log buyers, loggers and representatives from the <university> Extension Service, Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Revenue

A field trip to <location> will look at:

Commercial thinning options and techniques
Marketing poles
Domestic and export sorts
Dealing with root disease pockets
Aesthetic considerations when harvesting
Examples of different log types, with log buyers on hand to talk about what they look for

When:

<Date>, <time> (Doors open at <time>)

Lodging option:

<Location> has reserved a block of rooms for a special rate of <cost>. Rooms must be booked before <date> to receive this rate. After that date, room rates are <cost>. To reserve a room, call <number> and let the hotel know you would like a room under the event name <name>.

RV lodging is located at: <location>, <number> miles from the event. Please call <location> directly if you are interested in reserving a space.

Where: <location>

Cost: Individuals: $xx/person before <date>; $xx/person after <date>. Couples (same household or ownership): $xx before <date>; $xx after <date>. Student and Master Gardener discounts available — call <number> for information

Depending on partner funding, we’ve been able to host this event by charging fees between $25 and $50 per person.

What’s included:

Friday evening and Saturday morning classroom sessions and panel discussions
Saturday afternoon field trip (bus transportation provided)
Dinner on Friday
Saturday morning refreshments
Lunch on Saturday

Registration: <website>

Funding for this project is provided by <organization names>.

Newspaper article

Start planning early: what to consider when selling trees from your property

By Lauren Grand, OSU Forestry and Natural Resources Extension program

Trees are an incredible resource that benefit our community in many ways. Wooded properties are fun to explore and help provide communities with shade, clean water, and food and shelter for animals. Trees are also a valuable renewable resource that provide economic value and materials to build homes. Landowners may choose to cut trees on their property for many reasons. For some it’s the culmination of decades of planning and hard work to produce a valuable crop. For others it might be the liquidation of an asset to meet a sudden financial need. Still others might undertake a thinning operation to improve forest health, diversity and habitat.

Whatever your reason for selling trees, there are some key things to consider when managing a successful timber sale.

The first, and most important, step in any timber sale is to carefully think about your goals and objectives as a woodland owner. Goals help you identify what is most important to you when completing work on your land. One way to do this is to create a forest management plan.

Maintaining forest health, habitat creation, income and recreation are all goals that might be reached through a timber harvest. Oregon law requires that landowners notify the State Forester prior to selling any of the trees from their property. You can complete the necessary form on the Oregon Department of Forestry website or at your local office.

The key to effectively marketing your trees is knowing what you have. Most landowners miss out by thinking all logs are used for the same product and can go to the same mill. Knowing what you have means you can take advantage of potentially higher value poles or export logs if the market is right for it.

You can begin to follow the market by collecting information on what products and types of trees log buyers are seeking. Log buyers are the most direct sources of current information about prices and the range of species, sizes and quality levels for their mill. Your goal is to match what you have with what mills are looking for. Record what you learn and follow up regularly to identify patterns.

Prior to any harvesting activities, make sure you own the trees you plan on selling, especially if your timber harvest is near a property line. Clearly marking property lines will eliminate any confusion and help maintain neighbor relations. If you are unsure of your property lines, you will need a licensed surveyor to establish legal boundaries.

Properly designed and maintained roads ensure that you can take advantage of any market opportunity. Anything less will severely limit equipment access and may prevent or delay your harvest plans. If you do not have road access to your trees, Oregon law allows landowners to cross another’s property, if no alternative is available. Talk to your neighbors and put access agreements in writing before starting any work.

When you’ve identified a good time to sell, call as many log buyers as possible. The highest bid isn’t always the most profitable bid. When choosing a bid, consider distance to the mill and any special requirements that could increase operation costs. The farther away the mill, the higher the cost to get your logs to the mill. Once you’ve chosen a buyer, have a purchase order drawn up so both parties agree on the specs and price of the logs to be delivered.

Choose the logger through a competitive bidding process. Invite at least three loggers to tour your sale area individually. Be clear about your plans and ask each logger to submit a bid. The lowest bid isn’t necessarily the best bid. Choose the offer that will meet your objectives for log production, resource protection and responsible business practices — as well as price. These objectives should be reflected in a written, legal agreement. The most reputable loggers are busy, so plan at least six months ahead.

Stay involved throughout the logging process, observing operations and frequently communicating with the logger. Much can go astray without your vigilance.

Once the harvest is over, you may need to replant the area, depending on the quantity and quality of trees you cut. If you are using a regeneration harvest technique, order seedlings at least a year in advance.

Selling logs is a complicated process that requires time and a thorough understanding of the timber industry. When done correctly, it is a useful tool to help you meet your management objectives. Those lacking experience should consider seeking the assistance of a consulting forester.

<Program coordinator name> and [university] Extension Service in <county> will host a daylong workshop, Selling Logs from Your Property, on <date> from <time> at <location>. Details and registration information about this event are available at <website hyperlink>.

Press release

<Date> (For immediate release)

Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Landowners

[University] Extension Service of <county> will offer a workshop, Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Landowners, on <date> at <location>. Participants will learn how to organize a profitable timber sale that meets their individual objectives. The event features classroom sessions and panel discussions on the fundamentals of managing a timber sale, followed by a field trip. Participants will visit a local private woodland for the field portion of the symposium. The field trip will include a log scaling demonstration, a portable sawmill demonstration and a tour of harvested units of different ages, providing visual context for what forests look like immediately after harvest and as the stand matures. Speakers include consulting foresters, loggers, log buyers, landowners and representatives from the [university] Extension Service and the <agency>.

The cost to attend (including Friday dinner, Saturday lunch, and field trip transportation) is <cost> per person before <early registration deadline> and <cost> per person <late registration deadline>. Registration closes <date and time>. Funding is provided in part by <sponsors>.

To register or learn more, visit <website> or contact <name>, <title> at <email> or <phone>. Participant confirmation letter

Thank you for registering for Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Landowners, on <date> at <location>. We are looking forward to seeing you!

Here are some additional details to help you get the most out of the workshop:

Appendix

Participant confirmation letter

Thank you for registering for Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Landowners, on <date> at <location>. We are looking forward to seeing you!

Here are some additional details to help you get the most out of the workshop:

Pre-workshop questionnaire

Please fill out this short, 5-minute survey. (See example.) <If possible, ask these questions via an online registration system.> Please let us know in advance if you have any dietary restrictions (event menu below). This questionnaire will give us some information about your experience with selling logs and what topics we should focus on. Help us make sure that the topics you are interested in learning about get showcased.

Please click here <hyperlink to online survey> to take the questionnaire. If you do not take it before the event, you will be asked to take it at the event.

Location

Everett Hall, Hopkins Demonstration Forest, 16750 S. Brockway Road, Oregon City, OR 97045

View it on a map

Once you enter Hopkins Demonstration Forest, follow signs to the Selling Logs Workshop.

Schedule

Friday, Nov. 2
- Doors open and dinner is served at 5 p.m.
- Program runs 5:30—8:30 p.m.
Saturday, Nov. 3
- Doors open at 8:30 a.m.
- Program begins at 9 a.m.
- Field trip begins at 2:15 p.m.
- Program dismissed at 5:30 p.m.

Meals and refreshments

Coffee, tea and water will be available throughout the event. Light snacks will also be provided for Saturday morning and during the field trip.

Friday dinner menu

Baked lasagna: homemade pasta noodles (eggs, flour, oil, salt) layered with a slow-simmered red sauce made with ground beef; mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan cheeses; baked until golden.
Baked lasagna (vegetarian-friendly): homemade pasta noodles (eggs, flour, oil, salt) layered with a slow-simmered, meat-free red sauce; mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan cheeeses; baked until golden.
Italian bread: homemade bread (flour, yeast, sea salt, sugar) formed into braids. Served with butter and homemade jam.
Fall salad bowl: mixed greens tossed with cherry tomatoes, orange slices and black olives. Served with sunflower seeds. Vinegar and oil dressing on the side.
Homemade apple pie: A double crust pie (flour, butter, salt) filled with apples and seasoned with cinnamon, nutmeg and brown sugar.
Fresh fruit plate: assorted grapes and orange slices.
Coffee and bottled water.

Saturday lunch

Homemade chili: ground beef cooked with sweet onions, peppers, tomatoes, garlic, and kidney beans. Seasoned with lime juice, cumin, sea salt, chili powder and cilantro. Served with shredded cheese and sour cream.
Homemade chili (vegetarian): sweet onions, peppers, tomatoes, garlic and kidney beans. Seasoned with lime juice, cumin, sea salt, chili powder and cilantro. Served with shredded cheese and sour cream.
Homemade cornbread muffins: cornmeal, eggs, milk, brown sugar, salt and soda. Served with honey and butter.
Double chocolate Biscotti: traditional Italian twice-baked cookies made with unbleached flour, eggs, butter, baking cocoa and baking chips. Finished with a drizzle of melted chocolate.
Fresh fruit, including clementines and apples.
Coffee, bottled water, assorted sodas.

Suggested items to bring

Bring your questions about selling logs from your property.
Pen and paper to take notes with.
Please dress for the field on Saturday, with sun and rain protection and appropriate footwear for walking in the woods. We will walk short distances on uneven terrain to get to and from our field sites.
Water bottle or travel mug.
Camera.
Any medications you may need. Bees are on their way out, but not completely to rest. If you are allergic, please bring your EpiPen for the field trip.

Questions? Contact Lauren Grand, Forestry and Natural Resources Extension agent serving Lane County OR Jean Bremer, OSU Extension, Clackamas County. If you need special accommodations, contact Jean at [email protected] or 503-655-8631 at the Clackamas Extension office.

There is no refund for this program after Oct. 26, 2018. Please contact Jean at [email protected] if you need a refund prior to that date.

Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities and materials without discrimination based on age, color, disability, familial or parental status, gender identity or expression, genetic information, marital status, national origin, political beliefs, race, religion, reprisal, sex, sexual orientation, veteran’s status, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. Oregon State University Extension Service is an AA/EOE/Veterans/Disabled.

Exhibitor confirmation letter

Thank you for agreeing to represent your organization at OSU Extension forestry’s upcoming program, Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Small Woodland Owners.

We’re looking forward to a great program and are pleased that you’re part of the team. Below are all of the details you will need to prepare. Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions, concerns or requests regarding the symposium.

If you haven’t already, please fill out the attached form and return to me no later than Oct. 29. There is a lot of information below, and this form will help us ensure that you have everything you need for the symposium.

Location

Hopkins Demonstration Forest, 16750 S. Brockway Road, Oregon City, OR 97045

View it on a map

Booth setup

Exhibit booths are limited to Saturday, Nov. 3. Booth setup will begin at 7:30 a.m. When you arrive, follow the signs to the logging symposium. You may temporarily park in front of the building to load and unload your materials, but please park in the parking lot for the duration of the event. Doors to the event will open at 8:30 a.m., and this is a great time for people to walk around and chat with you while they are waiting for the presentations to begin at
9 a.m. Please have your booth set up by 8:30 a.m.

We encourage you to stay for the event and enjoy the presentations, meals and refreshments provided.

Booth take-down

The field trip begins at 2:15 p.m., and you are welcome to take down your booth at that time. You are also welcome to join us on the field trip and take down your booth at 5:30 p.m. Please be sure to pick up around your booth and return any items that you may have borrowed.

Presentation schedule

Below are the estimated time allotments for each portion of the symposium. Please make note of the breaks in the schedule and make yourself available to chat with participants about your organization during those times.

Friday Evening, Nov. 2

You don’t need your booth this day, but are welcome to join us if you like.

5 p.m. Doors open and dinner served
5:30 p.m. Welcome
5:40 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals
7 p.m. Break
7:15 p.m. Inventory and marketing your timber
8:30 p.m. Goodnight

Saturday, Nov. 3

7:30 a.m. Booth setup begins
8:30 a.m. Setup ends; doors open
8:50 a.m. Welcome
9 a.m. Consulting forester panel
9:45 a.m. Forest Practices Act and FERNS notification system
10:15 a.m. Taxes and contracts
11:15 a.m. Break
11:30 a.m. Log buyer panel
12:30 p.m. Lunch
1:15 p.m. Logger panel
2:15 p.m. Field trip
- Log scaling
- Portable sawmills
- Logging and postharvest site conditions
5:15 p.m. Wrap-up
5:30 p.m. Adjourn

We are excited to have you join us on Saturday, Nov. 3, for Selling Logs From Your Property at Hopkins Demonstration Forest!

Please print and save this letter for future reference. In the meantime, please contact me if you have any questions or concerns.

Thank you for exhibiting at our program!

Speaker confirmation letter

Thank you for agreeing to speak at OSU Extension Forestry’s upcoming program, Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Small Woodland Owners.

We’re looking forward to a great program and are pleased that you’re part of the team. Below are all of the details you will need to prepare. If you haven’t already, please fill out the attached form and return to me no later than Oct. 29. There is a lot of information below, and this form will help us ensure that you have everything you need.

Location

Hopkins Demonstration Forest, 16750 S. Brockway Road, Oregon City, OR 97045

View it on a map

Presentation

We will be offering copies of your presentations to the participants so they can take notes. In an attempt to avoid technical difficulties the day of the event, we ask that you send us a copy of your presentation as early as possible, but no later than Tuesday, Oct. 30. This will allow us to preload it to the computers and print hard copies for participants. We also suggest bringing a backup copy on a flash drive or emailing it to yourself in advance.

Presentation schedule

Below are the estimated time allotments for each portion of the symposium. Please note the time of your presentation and arrive a minimum of 30 minutes prior to your allotted time. This allows for fluctuations in the schedule and ensures that your presentation is ready to start on time.

Friday Evening, Nov. 2

You don’t need your booth this day, but are welcome to join us if you like.

5 p.m. Doors open and dinner served
5:30 p.m. Welcome
5:40 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals
7 p.m. Break
7:15 p.m. Inventory and marketing your timber
8:30 p.m. Goodnight

Saturday, Nov. 3

7:30 a.m. Booth setup begins
8:30 a.m. Setup ends; doors open
8:50 a.m. Welcome
9 a.m. Consulting forester panel
9:45 a.m. Forest Practices Act and FERNS notification system
10:15 a.m. Taxes and contracts
11:15 a.m. Break
11:30 a.m. Log buyer panel
12:30 p.m. Lunch
1:15 p.m. Logger panel
2:15 p.m. Field trip
- Log scaling
- Portable sawmills
- Logging and postharvest site conditions
5:15 p.m. Wrap-up
5:30 p.m. Adjourn

Presentation tips

A slide presentation such as a PowerPoint is a great visual resource to help guide people through sections of your talk. However, there are a few mistakes people commonly make when developing PowerPoint presentations. Here are a few to avoid:

Too many words on your slide: Using fewer words and more pictures increases the audience’s ability to follow along with your talk. If you think you have a slide that will have a lot of words on it, consider making it into a handout. We are happy to make copies of it for you before the seminar.
Using small type: Even on the big screen, it is difficult to see font sizes smaller than size 18. Please use larger fonts.
Inaccessible color combinations: Color blindness affects people’s ability to distinguish red, green or blue light. To avoid any confusion, use dark colors, or varying shapes and textures to highlight something important on your slide. Try to avoid the following color combinations:
- Green and red
- Green and brown
- Blue and purple
- Green and blue
- Light green and yellow
- Blue and grey
- Green and grey
- Green and black

Are you new to using PowerPoint or slideshows? If you have pictures you would like to show during your presentation but don’t know how to insert them, feel free to send them to me and I will put them together into a slideshow for you. If you are more experienced but would still like some input, I’m happy to look over your presentation and offer some suggestions.

We are excited to have you join us for on Friday, Nov. 2, and/or Saturday, Nov. 3, for the Selling Logs from Your Property workshop at Hopkins Demonstration Forest!

Please save and print this letter for future reference. I will send out an additional event reminder via email one week before the event. In the meantime, if you have any questions or concerns please contact me.

Thank you for presenting at our program!

Presentation descriptions

Email speakers these descriptions along with the speaker presentation confirmation letter and registration form.

Please take a moment to read over these descriptions of the presentations offered at Selling Logs from Your Property. If you would like to make any additions or changes to your presentation description, please make note of that in the attached speaker registration form. After reviewing your presentation description, take a moment to glance over the other speakers’ topics. If you are concerned that your presentation’s content may overlap another speaker’s, please contact me for clarification.

Panelist confirmation letter

Thank you for agreeing to speak at OSU Extension Forestry’s upcoming program, Selling Logs from Your Property: An Educational Symposium for Small Woodland Owners.

We’re looking forward to a great program and are pleased that you’re part of the team. Below are all of the details you will need to prepare. If you haven’t already, please fill out the attached form and return it no later than Oct. 29. There is a lot of information below, and this form will help us ensure that you have everything you need.

Location

Hopkins Demonstration Forest, 16750 S. Brockway Road, Oregon City, OR 97045

View it on a map

Handouts

If you would like to provide any handouts to the group, we will be happy to print them for you. Please send us a copy of your handouts as early as possible, but no later than Tuesday, Oct. 30. This will allow us to print hard copies and put them in folders for the participants.

schedule

Below are the estimated time allotments for each portion of the symposium. Please note the time of your panel and arrive a minimum of 30 minutes prior to your allotted time. This allows for fluctuations in the schedule and ensures that you are able to meet with your fellow panelists beforehand. This will help ensure a smooth discussion in front of the audience.

Friday Evening, Nov. 2

You don’t need your booth this day, but are welcome to join us if you like.

5 p.m. Doors open and dinner served
5:30 p.m. Welcome
5:40 p.m. Timber sale fundamentals
7 p.m. Break
7:15 p.m. Inventory and marketing your timber
8:30 p.m. Goodnight

Saturday, Nov. 3

7:30 a.m. Booth setup begins
8:30 a.m. Setup ends; doors open
8:50 a.m. Welcome
9 a.m. Consulting forester panel
9:45 a.m. Forest Practices Act and FERNS notification system
10:15 a.m. Taxes and contracts
11:15 a.m. Break
11:30 a.m. Log buyer panel
12:30 p.m. Lunch
1:15 p.m. Logger panel
2:15 p.m. Field trip
- Log scaling
- Portable sawmills
- Logging and postharvest site conditions
5:15 p.m. Wrap-up
5:30 p.m. Adjourn

Please save and print this letter for future reference. I will send out an additional event reminder via email one week before the event. In the meantime, if you have any questions or concerns, please contact <event organizer>.

Thank you for speaking at our program!

About the authors

Lauren Grand

Forestry

Alicia Christiansen

Forestry & Natural Resources, Associate Professor of Practice

Francisca Belart

Harvesting Specialist

Tamara Cushing

Forest Economics

Chris C. Schnepf

Extension educator — forestry and professor

University of Idaho

Kelsey Ketcheson

Former Extension forestry program coordinator

Washington State University

Cover image of Selling Logs from Your Property

© 2020 Published and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the Oregon State University Extension Service, Washington State University Extension, University of Idaho Extension and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. The three participating Extension services offer educational programs, activities and materials without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, familial/ parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, genetic information, veteran’s status, reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)